Railroads: 238 km total; 78 km 1.524-meter gauge, 160 km 0.914-meter gauge

Highways: 8,530 km total; 2,745 km paved, 3,270 km gravel or crushed stone, 2,515 km improved and unimproved earth

Inland waterways: 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal

Pipelines: crude oil, 130 km

Ports: Cristobal, Balboa, Puerto de La Bahia de Las Minas

Merchant marine: 3,159 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 44,137,562 GRT/69,661,886 DWT; includes 29 passenger, 20 short-sea passenger, 4 passenger-cargo, 1,071 cargo, 149 refrigerated cargo, 183 container, 69 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 142 vehicle carrier, 7 livestock carrier, 7 multifunction heavy-lift carrier, 329 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 188 chemical tanker, 30 combination ore/oil, 84 liquefied gas, 6 specialized tanker, 774 bulk, 67 combination bulk; note--all are foreign owned and operated (China owns at least 123 ships, Yugoslavia 16, Cuba 11, Vietnam 8)

Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft

Airports: 134 total, 124 usable; 42 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: domestic and international facilities well developed; connection into Central American Microwave System; 2 Atlantic Ocean satellite antennas; 220,000 telephones; stations--91 AM, no FM, 23 TV; 1 coaxial submarine cable

NOTE: The information regarding Panama on this page is re-published from the 1989 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Panama Communications 1989 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Panama Communications 1989 should be addressed to the CIA.