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Cystadane


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Summary for the public


What is Cystadane?

Cystadane is a powder for oral use that contains the active substance betaine anhydrous.


What is Cystadane used for?

Cystadane is used to treat homocystinuria. It is used with other treatments, such as vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), folate and a special diet.

Homocystinuria is an inherited (genetic) disease where the amino acid methionine cannot be broken down completely by the body. Methionine naturally comes from proteins in foods and is usually broken down into homocysteine, then cysteine. Patients with homocystinuria cannot convert homocysteine into cysteine, so homocysteine builds up in the blood and urine. Symptoms of homocystinuria include thrombosis (formation of blood clots in the blood vessels), weakness of the bones, abnormalities of the skeleton, ectopia lentis (a disorder where the lens of the eye is in the wrong position) and mental retardation. The disease is serious and has a high death rate. Cystadane is used in patients with all three known types of homocystinuria, caused by a lack of the substances required for the breakdown of methionine (‘cystathionine beta-synthase’ [CBS] or ‘5,10- methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase’[MTHFR]), or by defects in ‘cobalamin cofactor metabolism’ (cbl).

Because the number of patients with homocystinuria is low, the disease is considered ‘rare’, and Cystadane was designated an ‘orphan medicine’ (a medicine used in rare diseases) on 9 July 2001. The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription.


How is Cystadane used?

Treatment with Cystadane should be supervised by a doctor who has experience in the treatment of patients with homocystinuria.

The standard dose of Cystadane for patients aged over 10 years is 6 g a day, divided into two equal doses. Children under 10 years of age should take 100 mg per kilogram of body weight a day, divided into two equal doses. The dose for children can be adjusted depending on their response to treatment (monitored by measuring the level of homocysteine in the blood), but taking Cystadane more than twice a day or in doses above 150 mg per kilogram body weight does not improve its benefit. The aim of the treatment is to keep blood levels of homocysteine below 15 micromoles or as low as possible. This is usually achieved within a month.

Cystadane is supplied with 3 measuring spoons to measure 100 mg, 150 mg and 1 g of the powder. It should be dissolved fully in water, juice, milk, formula or food immediately before being taken.


How does Cystadane work?

Betaine is a natural substance that is extracted from sugar beet. In homocystinuria, betaine reduces homocysteine levels in the blood by facilitating a reaction in the body called ‘methylation’, which converts homocysteine back into methionine. This helps to improve the symptoms of the disease.


How has Cystadane been studied?

The company presented information on Cystadane from the scientific literature. This included 202 reports that described the effects of Cystadane, given at a variety of doses, on homocysteine levels in homocystinuria patients of various ages. For 140 patients, information was also provided on their symptoms, the dose and duration of treatment, and other medicines being taken. Most patients were also taking vitamins B6 or B12, or folate. The information from these studies was compared to published reports describing the outcome of untreated patients with the disease.


What benefit has Cystadane shown during the studies?

Patients taking Cystadane appeared to have greater reductions in homocysteine levels than untreated patients. This was associated with a reported improvement in symptoms affecting the cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels) and the development of the nervous system in around three quarters of the patients taking Cystadane. The medicine was effective in patients with all three types of homocystinuria.


What is the risk associated with Cystadane?

The most common side effect when taking Cystadane (seen in more than 1 patient in 10) is elevated levels of methionine in the blood. Methionine levels should be monitored in patients taking Cystadane, as it might be related to cerebral oedema (swelling in the brain). Patients with symptoms of cerebral oedema, such as morning headaches with vomiting, or changes in vision, should speak to their doctor, as treatment with Cystadane may have to be interrupted. For the full list of all side effects reported with Cystadane, see the Package Leaflet.

Cystadane should not be used by patients who may be hypersensitive (allergic) to betaine.


Why has Cystadane been approved?

The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) concluded that, although there were few systematic studies of Cystadane, the medicine is useful when added to existing treatments for homocystinuria, such as vitamin supplementation and using a special diet. The committee noted that Cystadane is not a substitute for other treatments.

The committee decided that Cystadane’s benefits outweighed its risks in the adjunctive treatment of homocystinuria, when it is used according to its indication. It recommended that Cystadane be given marketing authorisation.


Which measures are being taken to ensure the safe use of Cystadane?

The company that makes Cystadane will set up a register of patients taking the medicine to monitor its safety. In particular, the company will monitor cases of cerebral oedema, which was seen in a small number of patients during the testing of the medicine.


Other information about Cystadane

The European Commission granted a marketing authorisation valid throughout the European Union for Cystadane to Orphan Europe SARL on 15 February 2007.

Authorisation details
Name: Cystadane
EMEA Product number: EMEA/H/C/000678
Active substance: betaine anhydrous
INN or common name: betaine anhydrous
Therapeutic area: Homocystinuria
ATC Code: A16AA06
Treatment of rare diseases: This medicine has an "orphan designation" which means that it is used to treat life-threatening or chronically debilitating conditions that affect no more than five in 10,000 people in the European Union, or are medicines which, for economic reasons, would be unlikely to be developed without incentives.
Marketing Authorisation Holder: Orphan Europe S.A.R.L.
Revision: 3
Date of issue of Market Authorisation valid throughout the European Union: 15/02/2007
Contact address:
Orphan Europe S.A.R.L.
Immeuble "Le Wilson"
70, avenue du Général de Gaulle
FR-92800 Puteaux
France




Product Characteristics

ANNEX I

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS


1.
NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Cystadane 1 g oral powder
2.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
1 g of powder contains 1 g of betaine anhydrous.
Three measuring spoons dispense 1 g, 150 mg and 100 mg of betaine anhydrous.
For full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3.
PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Oral powder
White free flowing powder.
4.
CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Adjunctive treatment of homocystinuria, involving deficiencies or defects in:
cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS),
5,10-methylene - tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR),
cobalamin cofactor metabolism (cbl).
Cystadane should be used as supplement to other therapies such as vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin
B12 (cobalamin), folate and a specific diet.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Cystadane treatment should be supervised by a physician experienced in the treatment of patients with
homocystinuria.
The recommended total daily dose in adult and paediatric patients over 10 years of age is 6 g per day
administered orally in divided doses of 3 g two times per day. However, dose titration may be
preferable in paediatric patients.
In paediatric patients less than 10 years of age, the usual effective dose regimen is 100 mg/kg/day
given in 2 doses daily; increasing the frequency above twice daily and/or the dose above
150 mg/kg/day does not improve the homocysteine-lowering effect.
Use in hepatic or renal impairment
Experience with betaine therapy in patients with renal insufficiency or non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis
has demonstrated no need to adapt the dose regimen of Cystadane.
The bottle should be lightly shaken before opening. Three measuring spoons are provided which
dispense either 100 mg, 150 mg or 1 g of betaine anhydrous. It is recommended that a heaped
measuring spoon is removed from the container and a flat surface e.g. base of a knife is drawn across
the top of the measure. This will give the following doses: small measure 100 mg, middle size
measure 150 mg and large measure 1 g of betaine anhydrous.
The powder should be mixed with water, juice, milk, formula or food until completely dissolved and
ingested immediately after mixing.
2
Therapeutic monitoring:
The aim of treatment is to keep plasma levels of total homocysteine below 15 µM or as low as
possible. The steady-state response usually occurs within a month.
4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to betaine.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Uncommon cases of severe cerebral oedema and hypermethioninemia were reported within 2 weeks
to 6 months of starting betaine therapy (see section 4.8). Complete recovery was seen after treatment
discontinuation:
- Plasma methionine level should be monitored, at start of treatment and periodically thereafter.
The plasma methionine concentrations should be kept below 1000 µM.
- If any symptoms of cerebral oedema like morning headaches with vomiting and/or visual changes
appear, plasma methionine level and compliance to the diet should be checked and treatment with
Cystadane interrupted.
- If symptoms of cerebral oedema recur after re-introduction of treatment then betaine therapy
should be discontinued indefinitely.
To minimize the risk of potential drug interactions, it is advisable to leave 30 minutes between the
intake of betaine and amino acids mixtures and/or medicinal products containing vigabatrin and
GABA analogues (see section 4.5).
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
No interaction studies have been performed.
Based on in vitro data, betaine might interact with amino acids mixtures and medicinal products
containing vigabatrin and GABA analogues.
4.6 Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Data on a limited number (7) of exposed pregnancies indicate no adverse event of betaine on
pregnancy or on the health of the foetus/newborn child. To date, no other relevant epidemiologic data
are available. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted. During pregnancy, administering
betaine in addition to pyridoxine, folate, anticoagulant and diet under close monitoring of plasma
homosysteine would be compatible with good maternal and foetal outcomes. However , Cystadane
should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary.
Breast-feeding
It is not known whether betaine is excreted in human milk (although its metabolic precursor, choline,
occurs at high levels in human milk). Because of lack of data, caution should be exercised when
prescribing Cystadane to breast-feeding women.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
No studies on the effects on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed.
3
4.8 Undesirable effects
Experience derived from exposure to betaine in about 1,000 patients.
Reported adverse reactions are listed below, by system organ class and by frequency.
Frequencies are defined as : very common (≥ 1/10), common (≥ 1/100, < 1/10), uncommon
(≥ 1/1,000, < 1/100), rare (≥ 1/10,000, < 1/1,000), very rare (< 1/10,000). Within each frequency
grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Uncommon: anorexia
Psychiatric disorders
Uncommon: agitation, depression, irritability,
personality disorder, sleep disturbed
Nervous system disorders
Uncommon: brain oedema*
Uncommon: dental disorders, diarrhoea, glossitis,
nausea, stomach discomfort, vomiting
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Uncommon: hair loss, hives, skin odour abnormal
Renal and urinary disorder Uncommon: urinary incontinence
Investigations Very common: blood methionine increased*
*Uncommon cases of severe cerebral oedema and hypermethioninemia were reported within 2 weeks
to 6 months of starting betaine therapy, with complete recovery after treatment discontinuation. High
increases in plasma methionine levels in a range from 1,000 to 3,000 µM were noted in these patients.
As cerebral oedema has also been reported in patients with hypermethioninemia, secondary
hypermethioninemia due to betaine therapy has been postulated as a possible mechanism of action.
For specific recommendations, refer to section 4.4.
Gastrointestinal disorders
4.9 Overdose
No case of overdose has been reported.
5.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Alimentary tract and metabolism product, ATC code: A16A A06.
Betaine was shown to lower plasma homocysteine levels in the three types of homocystinuria, i.e.
CBS deficiency; MTHFR deficiency and cbl defect. The extent of this effect was dependent on the
absolute degree of hyperhomocysteinemia, being higher in severe hyperhomocysteinemia.
Betaine acts as a methyl group donor in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine in patients
with homocystinuria. As a result, plasma levels of homocysteine should decrease in these patients, to
20-30 % of pre-treatment levels.
Elevated homocysteine plasma levels are associated with cardiovascular events such as thrombosis,
osteoporosis, skeletal abnormalities, and optic lens dislocation. In observational studies, clinical
improvement (cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental) was reported by the treating physician in about
75% of patients taking betaine. Most of these patients were also receiving other treatments such as
vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and folate with variable biochemical responses. In
most cases, adding betaine resulted in a further reduction in plasma homocysteine level. It is likely that
due to the multiple nature of therapy (dietary, pharmaceutical, supportive) in these patients, there may
be an element of overestimation in the clinical effects of betaine treatment. Late detection of
homocystinuria in symptomatic state is responsible for residual morbidity due to irreversible damage
to connective tissue (ophtalmological, skeletal) that can not be corrected by further therapy. The
available clinical data do not allow correlating posology and clinical efficacy. There is no evidence of
development of tolerance.
4
 
Betaine has also been shown to increase plasma methionine and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) levels
in patients with MTHFR deficiency and cbl defects. In CBS-deficient patients without dietary
restriction of methionine, excessive accumulation of methionine has been observed. In a few cases,
increased plasma methionine levels were associated with cerebral oedema (see sections 4.4 and 4.8).
Monitoring plasma homocysteine levels has demonstrated that the onset of action of betaine occurred
within several days and that a steady - state response was achieved within one month.
In paediatric patients less than 10 years of age, the usual effective dose regimen is 100 mg/kg/day
given in 2 doses daily; increasing the frequency above twice daily and/or the dose above 150
mg/kg/day does not improve the homocysteine-lowering effect.
Betaine supplementation was shown to improve the metabolic abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid
of patients with homocystinuria.
Monitoring betaine plasma concentrations does not help to define the efficacy of treatment, since these
concentrations do not directly correspond to the flux through the cytosolic betaine homocysteine
methyl transferase pathway.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
The absolute bioavailability of betaine has not been determined. In healthy adult volunteers (age
between 21 to 49 years), after a single oral dose of betaine (50 mg/kg), absorption was rapid
(t max = 0.9 ± 0.3 hours and a C max = 0.9 ± 0.2 mM). Betaine was rapidly distributed into a relatively
large volume ( V/F = 1.3 l/kg), with a slow elimination rate (mean half life = 14 h, mean total body
clearance , CL/F, = 84 ml/h/kg), renal clearance being negligible (5% of total body clearance),
assuming 100% bioavailability. After a repeated dose regimen of 100 mg/kg/day for 5 days, the
absorption kinetics did not change but the distribution half life was prolonged significantly (up to
36 h), indicating saturable transport and redistribution processes.
The pharmacokinetic data of homocystinuric patients on long-term betaine supplementation are very
similar to those of healthy volunteers. This demonstrates that differences in betaine kinetics are most
probably due to betaine depletion in untreated homocystinuria and are only meaningful for the initial
treatment.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
At high doses, a CNS depressant effect and irritation of the gastrointestinal tract was seen in rats.
Long-term carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity studies have not been conducted on betaine. A
standard battery of genotoxicity test reveals no specific hazard for humans.
6.
PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
None.
6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable.
6.3 Shelf life
Unopened bottle: 3 years
5
 
After the first opening: 3 months.
6.4 Special precautions for storage
C.
Keep the bottle tightly closed in order to protect from moisture.
°
6.5
Nature and contents of container
HDPE bottles with a child resistant closure.
Each pack contains 1 bottle with 180 g of powder.
Three measuring spoons are included in each pack.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
Any unused product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.
7.
MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Orphan Europe SARL
Immeuble “Le Wilson”
70 Avenue du General de Gaulle
F-92 800 Puteaux
France
8.
MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
EU/1/06/379/001
9.
DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
15/02/2007
10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
6
Do not store above 25
ANNEX II
A.
MANUFACTURING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH RELEASE
B.
CONDITIONS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION
7
A. MANUFACTURING AUTHORISATION HOLDER RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH
RELEASE
Name and address of the manufacturer responsible for batch release
Orphan Europe S.A.R.L.
Immeuble "Le Wilson"
70 avenue du Général de Gaulle
F-92800 Puteaux
France
B. CONDITIONS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION
CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS REGARDING SUPPLY AND USE IMPOSED ON
THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Medicinal product subject to restricted medical prescription (see annex I : Summary of Product
Characteristics, section 4.2)
CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS WITH REGARD TO THE SAFE AND
EFFECTIVE USE OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Not applicable.
OTHER CONDITIONS
The MAH must ensure that the system of pharmacovigilance is in place and functioning before the
product is placed on the market and for as long as the marketed product remains in use.
The Marketing Authorisation Holder commits to performing the studies as detailed in the
Pharmacovigilance Plan.
8
ANNEX III
LABELLING AND PACKAGE LEAFLET
9
A. LABELLING
10
PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON THE OUTER PACKAGING
OUTER CARTON
1.
NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Cystadane 1 g oral powder
Betaine anhydrous
2.
STATEMENT OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE(S)
1 g of powder contains 1 g of betaine anhydrous.
Three measuring spoons dispense 1 g, 150 mg and 100 mg of betaine anhydrous.
3.
LIST OF EXCIPIENTS
4.
PHARMACEUTICAL FORM AND CONTENTS
180 g of oral powder and three measuring spoons.
5.
METHOD AND ROUTE(S) OF ADMINISTRATION
Oral use.
Lightly shake the bottle before opening.
Read the package leaflet before use.
6.
SPECIAL WARNING THAT THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT MUST BE STORED OUT
OF THE REACH AND SIGHT OF CHILDREN
Keep out of the reach and sight of children.
7.
OTHER SPECIAL WARNING(S), IF NECESSARY
8.
EXPIRY DATE
EXP {month/year}
Shelf life after the first opening: 3 months.
Opened:
9.
SPECIAL STORAGE CONDITIONS
C.
Keep the bottle tightly closed in order to protect from moisture.
°
11
Do not store above 25
 
10. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
OR WASTE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM SUCH MEDICINAL PRODUCTS, IF
APPROPRIATE
11. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Orphan Europe SARL
Immeuble “Le Wilson”
70 Avenue du General de Gaulle
F-92 800 Puteaux
France
12. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
EU/1/06/379/001
13. BATCH NUMBER
Batch
14. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION FOR SUPPLY
Medicinal product subject to medical prescription.
15. INSTRUCTIONS ON USE
16.
INFORMATION IN BRAILLE
Cystadane 1 g oral powder
12
 
PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON THE THE IMMEDIATE PACKAGING
BOTTLE LABEL
1.
NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Cystadane 1 g oral powder
Betaine anhydrous
2.
STATEMENT OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE(S)
1 g of powder contains 1 g of betaine anhydrous.
Three measuring spoons dispense 1 g, 150 mg and 100 mg of betaine anhydrous.
3.
LIST OF EXCIPIENTS
4.
PHARMACEUTICAL FORM AND CONTENTS
180 g of oral powder.
5.
METHOD AND ROUTE(S) OF ADMINISTRATION
Oral use.
Lightly shake the bottle before opening.
Read the package leaflet before use
6.
SPECIAL WARNING THAT THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT MUST BE STORED OUT
OF THE REACH AND SIGHT OF CHILDREN
Keep out of the reach and sight of children.
7.
OTHER SPECIAL WARNING(S), IF NECESSARY
8.
EXPIRY DATE
EXP {month/year}
Shelf life after the first opening: 3 months.
9.
SPECIAL STORAGE CONDITIONS
C.
Keep the bottle tightly closed in order to protect from moisture.
°
13
Do not store above 25
 
10. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
OR WASTE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM SUCH MEDICINAL PRODUCTS, IF
APPROPRIATE
11. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Orphan Europe SARL
Immeuble “Le Wilson”
70 Avenue du General de Gaulle
F-92 800 Puteaux
France
12. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
EU/1/06/379/001
13. BATCH NUMBER
Batch
14. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION FOR SUPPLY
Medicinal product subject to medical prescription.
15. INSTRUCTIONS ON USE
16.
INFORMATION IN BRAILLE
Cystadane 1 g oral powder
14
 
B. PACKAGE LEAFLET
15
PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER
Cystadane 1 g oral powder
Betaine anhydrous
Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine.
-
If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or your pharmacist.
-
This medicine has been prescribed for you. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, even
if their symptoms are the same as yours.
-
If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet,
please tell your doctor or pharmacist.
In this leaflet :
1.
What Cystadane is and what it is used for
2.
Before you take Cystadane
4.
Possible side effects
5
How to store Cystadane
6.
Further information
1.
WHAT CYSTADANE IS AND WHAT IT IS USED FOR
Cystadane contains betaine anhydrous which is intended to be an adjunctive treatment of
homocystinuria, an inborn error of metabolism.
Methionine is an amino acid which is present in regular food protein (e.g. meat, fish, milk, cheese,
eggs). It is converted into homocysteine which is then normally converted into cysteine during
digestion. Homocystinuria is a disease caused by the accumulation of homocysteine which is not
converted to cysteine and is characterized by formation of clots in the veins, bone weakness, and
skeletal and crystalline lens abnormalities. The use of Cystadane together with other treatments such
as vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate and a specific diet aims to reduce the elevated homocysteine levels
in your body.
2.
BEFORE YOU TAKE CYSTADANE
Do not take Cystadane
If you or your child are allergic (hypersensitive) to betaine.
Take special care with Cystadane
If you notice side effects like headaches, vomiting or a change in your vision, please contact your
doctor immediately, they could be signs of a brain oedema. In that case your doctor will monitor your
methionine level in your body and may review your diet. Your treatment with betaine may need to be
interrupted.
If you are treated with Cystadane and with an amino-acid mixture and if you need to take other
medicines at the same time, leave 30 minutes between the intake (see “taking other medicines”).
Taking other medicines
If you are taking amino-acid mixture or medicines such as vigabatrin or Gaba analogues, please tell
your doctor as they might interact with your treatment with betaine.
Please tell your doctor if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines, including
medicines obtained without a prescription.
16
-
Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.
3.
How to take Cystadane
Pregnancy and breast-feeding
Please inform your doctor if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Your doctor will decide if the medicine
may be used during pregnancy and breast-feeding.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking any medicine.
Driving and using machines
No studies on the effects on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed.
3.
HOW TO TAKE CYSTADANE
Always take Cystadane exactly as your doctor has told you. You should check with your doctor or
pharmacist if you are not sure.
The daily dose in adults, adolescents and children over 10 years of age is 6 g per day divided in
2 doses of 3 g per day.
In children less than 10 years of age, the daily dose will be calculated from the child’s body weight by
your doctor.
You or your child will therefore need regular blood tests to determine the correct daily dose.
The use of this medicine will be supervised by a physician experienced in the treatment of patients
with homocystinuria.
Cystadane should be taken orally (by mouth).
To measure the dose:
shake the bottle lightly before opening
take the correct measuring spoon:
the small spoon measures 100 mg of betaine anhydrous powder;
the middle size spoon measures 150 mg of betaine anhydrous powder ;
the large spoon measures 1 g of betaine anhydrous powder.
take a heaped spoonful of powder out of the bottle
pass the flat back of a knife over the top of the spoon
the powder left in the spoon is one spoonful
take the correct number of spoonfuls of powder from the bottle
Mix the measured dose of powder with water, juice, milk, formula or food until completely dissolved
and ingest immediately after mixing.
If you forget to take Cystadane:
Do not take a double dose to make up for forgotten doses.
If you have any further questions on the use of this product, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
4.
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Like all medicines, Cystadane can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.
The following side effects were reported as follows: very common (more than 1 out of 10 persons),
common (more than 1 out of 100 persons and less than 1 out of 10 persons), uncommon (more than 1
out of 1,000 persons and less than 1 out of 100 persons), rare (more than 1 out of 10,000 persons and
less than 1 out of 1,000 persons), very rare (less than 1 out of 10,000 persons).
17
Very common: blood methionine increased.
Uncommon: decreased appetite, agitation, depression, irritability, personality disorder, sleep
disturbance, oedema of the brain (see heading “Take special care with Cystadane” in section 2), dental
disorders, diarrhoea, inflammation of the tongue, nausea, stomach discomfort, vomiting, hair loss,
hives, skin odour abnormality and urinary incontinence.
Since some of these side effects are serious, ask your doctor to explain their warning signs.
If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any other side effects not listed in this leaflet,
please tell your doctor or pharmacist.
5.
HOW TO STORE CYSTADANE
Keep out of the reach and sight of children
Do not use Cystadane after the expiry date which is stated on the bottle label and the carton after EXP.
The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.
C.
Keep the bottle tightly closed in order to protect from moisture.
After the first opening of the bottle, the product should be used within 3 months.
°
Medicine should not be disposed of via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to
dispose of medicines no longer required. These measures will help protect the environment.
6.
FURTHER INFORMATION
What Cystadane contains
- The active substance is betaine anhydrous. 1 g of oral powder contains 1 g of betaine anhydrous.
Three measuring spoons dispense 1 g, 150 mg and 100 mg of betaine anhydrous.
- There is no other ingredient.
What Cystadane looks like and contents of the pack
Cystadane is a white crystalline oral powder. It is presented in bottles with child resistant closures.
Each bottle contains 180 g of betaine anhydrous powder. Three measuring spoons are enclosed in the
carton to assist you in measuring out the dose prescribed by your doctor.
Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer
Orphan Europe SARL
Immeuble “Le Wilson”
70 Avenue du General de Gaulle
F-92 800 Puteaux
France
18
Do not store above 25
For any information about this medicinal product, please contact the local representative of the
Marketing Authorisation Holder.
Belgique/België/Belgien
Orphan Europe Benelux
Koning Albert I, Iaan 48 bus 3
B-1780 Wemmel (Brussels)
Tél/Tel: +32 2 46101 36
Luxembourg/Luxemburg
Orphan Europe Benelux
Koning Albert I, Iaan 48 bus 3
B-1780 Wemmel (Brussels)
Belgique/Belgien
Tél/Tel: +32 2 46101 36
България
Orphan Europe (Germany) GmbH
Max-Planck Str. 6
D-63128 Dietzenbach
Германия
Teл.: + 49 6074 812160
Magyarország
Orphan Europe (Germany) GmbH
Max-Planck Str. 6
D-63128 Dietzenbach
Németország
Tel : +49 6074 812160
Česká republika
Orphan Europe (Germany) GmbH
Max-Planck Str. 6
D-63128 Dietzenbach
Německo
Tel : +49 6074 812160
Malta
Orphan Europe SARL
Immeuble “Le Wilson”
70 Avenue du General de Gaulle
F-92 800 Puteaux
France
Tel : +33 1 47 73 64 58
Danmark
Swedish Orphan A/S,
Wilders Plads 5,
DK – 1403 København K
Tlf : +45 32 96 68 69
Nederland
Orphan Europe Benelux
Koning Albert I Iaan 48 bus 3
B-1780 Wemmel (Brussels)
België
Tel: +32 2 46101 36
Deutschland
Orphan Europe (Germany) GmbH
Max-Planck Str. 6
D-63128 Dietzenbach
Tel : +49 (0)6074 812160
Norge
Swedish Orphan A/S
Trollåsveien 6n
N-1414 Trollåsen
Tlf : +47 66 82 34 00
Eesti
Orphan Europe AB
Banérgatan 37
S-115 22 Stockholm
Rootsi
Tel : +46 8 545 80 230
Österreich
Orphan Europe (Germany) GmbH
Max-Planck Str. 6
D-63128 Dietzenbach
Deutschland
Tel : +49 6074 812160
Ελλάδα
Orphan Europe SARL
Immeuble “Le Wilson”
70 Avenue du General de Gaulle
F-92 800 Puteaux
Γαλλία
Τηλ: +33 1 47 73 64 58
Polska
Orphan Europe (Germany) GmbH
Max-Planck Str. 6
D-63128 Dietzenbach
Niemcy
Tel : +49 6074 812160
19
España
Orphan Europe, S.L.
Gran via de les Cortes Catalanes, 649
Despacho, n°1
E-08010 Barcelona
Tel: +34 93 342 51 20
Portugal
Orphan Europe, S.L.
Gran via de les Cortes Catalanes, 649
Despacho, n°1
E-08010 Barcelona
Espanha
Tel : +34 93 342 51 20
France
Orphan Europe SARL
Immeuble “Le Wilson”
70 Avenue du General de Gaulle
F-92 800 Puteaux
France
Tél : +33 1 47 73 64 58
România
Orphan Europe (Germany) GmbH
Max-Planck Str. 6
D-63128 Dietzenbach
Germania
Tel: + 49 6074 812160
Ireland
Orphan Europe (UK) Ltd.
Isis House, 43 Station Road
Henley-on-Thames
Oxfordshire RG9 1AT, UK
United Kingdom
Tel : +44 1491 414333
Slovenija
Orphan Europe (Germany) GmbH
Max-Planck Str. 6
D-63128 Dietzenbach
Nemčija
Tel : +49 6074 812160
Ísland
Swedish Orphan A/S,
c/o Ísfarm ehf., Lynghálsi 13,
IS-110 Reykjavik
Tel : +354 540 8080
Slovenská republika
Orphan Europe (Germany) GmbH
Max-Planck Str. 6
D-63128 Dietzenbach
Nemecko
Tel : +49 6074 812160
Italia
Orphan Europe (Italy) Srl
Via Cellini 11
I-20090 Segrate (Milano)
Tel : +39 02 26 95 01 39
Suomi/Finland
Oy swedish Orphan AB
Rajatorpantie 41 C,
FIN-016 40 Vantaa
Puh/Tfn : +358 (0)9 8520 2150
Κύπρος
Orphan Europe SARL
Immeuble “Le Wilson”
70 Avenue du General de Gaulle
F-92 800 Puteaux
Γαλλία
Τηλ: +33 1 47 73 64 58
Sverige
Swedish Orphan AB
Drottninggatan 98,
S-111 60 Stockholm
Tfn : +46(0)8 412 98 00
Latvija
Orphan Europe AB
Banérgatan 37
S-115 22 Stockholm
Zviedrija
Tel : +46 8 545 80 230
United Kingdom
Orphan Europe (UK) Ltd.
Isis House, 43 Station Road
Henley-on-Thames
Oxfordshire RG9 1AT
Tel : +44 (0)1491 414333
20
Lietuva
Orphan Europe AB
Banérgatan 37
S-115 22 Stockholm
Švedija
Tel : +46 8 545 80 230
This leaflet was last approved in {MM/YYYY}
Detailed information on this medicine is available on the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) web site:
http://www.emea.europa.eu/ . There are also links to other websites about rare diseases and treatments.
21


Source: European Medicines Agency



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