• Working-age immigrants who are not refugees participate in both cash and non-cash based assistance programs at rates similar to working-age natives.
  
  
• Immigrants with incomes below the poverty line are less likely to participate in cash assistance than natives with incomes below the poverty line. About 16 percent of poor immigrants use cash programs, compared to 25 percent of poor natives.
  
  
• However, immigrants are also more likely to be poor than natives. About 15 percent of U.S. citizens fall below the poverty line, whereas 29 percent of non-citizens do so. About 11 percent of non-citizens have incomes less than 50 percent of the poverty line, compared to six percent of citizens.
  
  
• Approximately 1.4 million immigrants receive AFDC or SSI payments totalling $4.5 billion annually. Their average monthly AFDC payment is $133; their average SSI payment is $407. Estimates using a more broadly defined package of benefits and counting benefits from state and local as well as federal sources indicate that immigrants receive approximately $25 billion annually in assistance benefits.
  
  
• Refugees and elderly immigrants are more likely to receive cash and non-cash assistance than other immigrants. Five percent of AFDC recipients are immigrants, whereas 18.9 percent of aged SSI recipients are immigrants.
  
  
• Overall immigrant use of welfare has been rising, regardless of how "immigrant" and "welfare" are defined.
  
  
• Immigrant use of welfare appears to correlate with national origin.
  
  
• There is no reputable evidence that prospective immigrants are drawn to the U.S. because of its public assistance programs.
  
  
• Most researchers believe that few undocumented immigrants illegally use public assistance programs. However, the data are scarce, and firm conclusions cannot be drawn.

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