Medical Dictionary

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coprolalia (kop-ro-la′le-a)
Involuntary utterances of vulgar or obscene words; seen in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. SYN: coprophrasia. [copro- + G. lalia, talk]

coprolith (kop′ro-lith)
SYN: fecalith. [copro- + G. lithos, stone]

coprology (kop-rol′o-je)
SYN: scatology (1) . [copro- + G. logos, study]

coproma (kop-ro′ma)
SYN: fecaloma. [copro- + G. -oma, tumor]

coprophagia (kop′ro-fa′jya)
The eating of excrement. SYN: coprophagy, scatophagy.

coprophagous (ko-prof′a-gus)
Feeding on excrement.

coprophagy (ko-prof′a-je)
SYN: coprophagia. [copro- + G. phago, to eat]

coprophil, coprophilic (kop′ro-fil, -fil′ik)
1. Denoting microorganisms occurring in fecal matter. 2. Relating to coprophilia. [see coprophilia]

coprophile (kop′ro-fil)
An organism that ingests fecal material from other organisms.

coprophilia (kop-ro-fil′e-a)
1. Attraction of microorganisms to fecal matter. 2. In psychiatry, a morbid attraction to, and interest in (with a sexual element), fecal matter. SYN: mysophilia. [copro- + G. philos, fond]

coprophobia (kop-ro-fo′be-a)
Morbid fear of defecation and feces. [copro- + G. phobos, fear]

coprophrasia (kop-ro-fra′ze-a)
SYN: coprolalia.

coproplanesia (kop-ro-plan-e′ze-a)
Rarely used term for passage of feces through a fistula or artificial anus. [copro- + G. planesis, a wandering]

coproporphyria (kop′ro-por-fir′e-a)
Presence of coproporphyrins in the urine, as in variegate porphyria. hereditary c. an inherited (autosomal dominant) disorder of a deficiency of coproporphyrinogen oxidase, resulting in overproduction of porphyrin precursors leading to neurological disturbances and photosensitivity.

coproporphyrin (kop-ro-por′fi-rin)
One of two porphyrin compounds found normally in feces as a decomposition product of bilirubin (hence, from hemoglobin); certain corproporphyrins are elevated in certain porphyrias. SEE ALSO: porphyrinogens.

coproporphyrinogen (kop′ro-por-fi-rin′o-jen)
See porphyrinogens. c. oxidase an enzyme that catalyzes a step in porphyrin biosynthesis, reacting c. III and O2 to form protoporphyrinogen IX and 2CO2. A deficiency of this enzyme will result in hereditary coproporphyria.

coprostane (kop-ros′tan)
The parent hydrocarbon of coprosterol.

coprostanone (kop-ros′tan-on)
5β-Cholestan-3-one, an oxidation product of coprosterol.

coprostasis (kop-ro-sta′sis)
Rarely used term for fecal impaction. [copro- + G. stasis, a standing]

coprostenol (kop-ros′ten-ol)
SYN: allocholesterol.

coprosterol (kop-ros′ter-ol)
5β-Cholastan-3β-ol;the main sterol of the feces produced by the reduction of cholesterol by intestinal bacteria. For structure of coprostane and cholestane, see steroids. SYN: 3β-coprostanol, stercorin.

coprostigmastane (kop-ro-stig-mas′tan)
The 5β isomer of stigmastane.

coprozoa (kop-ro-zo′a)
Protozoa that can be cultivated in fecal matter, although not necessarily living in feces within the intestine. [copro- + G. zoon, animal]

coprozoic (kop-ro-zo′ik)
Relating to coprozoa.

coptosis (kop-to′sis)
A state of perpetual fatigue. [G. kopto, to tire, + osis, condition]

copula (kop′u-la)
1. In anatomy, a narrow part connecting two structures, e.g., the body of the hyoid bone. 2. A swelling that is formed during the early development of the tongue by the medial portion of the second branchial arch; it is overgrown by the hypobranchial eminence and is not present in the adult tongue. 3. Obsolete term for zygote. [L. a bond, tie] His c. SYN: hypobranchial eminence. c. linguae SYN: hypobranchial eminence.

copulation (kop-u-la′shun)
1. SYN: coitus. 2. In protozoology, conjugation between two cells that do not fuse but separate after mutual fertilization; observed in the ciliophora, as in Paramecium. [L. copulatio, a joining]

copulines
Substances that occur in vaginal secretions; men who were exposed to c. rated women as more attractive, especially those women considered less attractive by controls tested with water. C. from ovulatory (but not menstrual or premenstrual) women caused a rise in salivary testosterone in men.

CoQ
Abbreviation for coenzyme Q.

coquille (ko-kel′)
A spherical curved lens of uniform thickness. [Fr.]

cor, gen. cordis (kor, kor′dis) [TA]
SYN: heart. [L.] c. adiposum SYN: fatty heart (2) . c. biloculare a heart in which the interatrial and interventricular septa are absent or incomplete. c. bovinum (kor bo′vi-num) SYN: ox heart. c. mobile a heart that moves unduly on change of bodily position; associated with large defects or absence (congenital or surgical) of the pericardium. SYN: movable heart. c. pendulum an extreme form of c. mobile in which the heart appears to be suspended by the great vessels. SYN: pendulous heart. c. pulmonale chronic c. p. is characterized by hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from disease of the lungs, except for lung changes in diseases that primarily affect the left side of the heart and pulmonary artery and excluding congenital heart disease; acute c. p. is characterized by dilation and failure of the right side of the heart due to pulmonary embolism. In both types, characteristic electrocardiogram changes occur, and in later stages there is usually right-sided cardiac failure. c. triatriatum a heart with three atrial chambers, the left atrium being subdivided by a transverse septum with a single small opening which separates the openings of the pulmonary veins from the mitral valve. SYN: accessory atrium. c. triloculare three-chambered heart due to absence of the interatrial or the interventricular septum. c. triloculare biatriatum absence of the interventricular septum. c. triloculare biventriculare absence of the interatrial septum.

coracidium (ko-ra-sid′e-um)
The ciliated first-stage aquatic embryo of pseudophyllid and other cestodes with aquatic cycles; within the ciliated embryophore is a hooked larva, the hexacanth, that develops in the intermediate host, usually an aquatic crustacean, into the next larval stage, the procercoid.

coracoacromial (kor′a-ko-a-kro′me-al)
Relating to the coracoid and acromial processes. SYN: acromiocoracoid.

coracobrachialis (kor′a-ko-bra-ke-a′lis)
Relating to the coracoid process of the scapula and the arm. SEE ALSO: c. muscle, coracobrachial bursa.

coracoclavicular (kor′a-ko-kla-vik′u-lar)
Relating to the coracoid process and the clavicle. SYN: scapuloclavicular (2) .

coracohumeral (kor′a-ko-hu′mer-al)
Relating to the coracoid process and the humerus.

coracoid (kor′a-koyd)
Shaped like a crow's beak; denoting a process of the scapula. [G. korakodes, like a crow's beak, fr. korax, raven, + eidos, appearance]

corallin (kor′a-lin)
SYN: aurin. yellow c. a sodium salt of aurin.

cord (kord) [TA]
1. In anatomy, any long ropelike structure. A small, cordlike structure composed of several to many longitudinally oriented fibers, vessels, ducts, or combinations thereof. SEE ALSO: chorda. 2. In histopathology, a line of tumor cells only one cell in width. SYN: fasciculus (2) [TA] , funiculus [TA] , funicle. [L. chorda, a string] Bergmann cords SYN: medullary striae of fourth ventricle, under stria. Billroth cords SYN: splenic cords. condyle c. SYN: condylar axis. dental c. an aggregation of epithelial cells forming the rudimentary enamel organ. false tendinous cords false chordae tendineae, under chorda. false vocal c. SYN: vestibular fold. Ferrein cords SYN: vocal fold. See vocal fold. gangliated c. SYN: sympathetic trunk. genital c. one of a pair of mesenchymal ridges bulging into the caudal part of the celom of a young embryo and containing the mesonephric and paramesonephric duct. germinal cords the gonadal cords of the embryonic ovary or testis. SYN: sex cords. gonadal cords columns of germinal and follicle cells penetrating centripetally into the embryonic ovarian or testicular cortex. gubernacular c. the content of the gubernacular canal, usually composed of remnants of dental lamina and connective tissue. hepatic cords liver laminae as seen in sections. lateral c. of brachial plexus [TA] in the brachial plexus, the bundle of nerve fibers formed by the anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks which is located lateral to the axillary artery. This c. gives off the lateral pectoral nerve and terminates by dividing into the musculocutaneous nerve and the lateral root of the median nerve. SYN: fasciculus lateralis plexus brachialis [TA] . lymph cords SYN: medullary cords (1) . medial c. of brachial plexus [TA] in the brachial plexus, the bundle of nerve fibers formed by the anterior division of the inferior trunk which lies medial to the axillary artery; it gives off the medial pectoral nerve, the medial brachial cutaneous, and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves and end by dividing into the medial root of the median nerves and the ulnar nerve. SYN: fasciculus medialis plexus brachialis [TA] . medullary cords 1. cords of dense lymphoid tissue between the sinuses in the medulla of a lymph node; SYN: lymph cords. 2. SYN: rete cords. nephrogenic c. a longitudinal dorsolateral tract of intermediate mesoderm; the primordium for both mesonephric and metanephric tubules. nuchal c. loop(s) of umbilical c. around the fetal neck, posing risk of intrauterine hypoxia, fetal distress, or death. oblique c. of interosseous membrane of forearm [TA] a slender band extending from the lateral part of the coronoid process of the ulna distad and laterad to the radius immediately distal to the bicipital tuberosity. SYN: chorda obliqua membranae interosseae antebrachii [TA] , oblique ligament of elbow joint, round ligament of elbow joint, Weitbrecht c., Weitbrecht ligament. omphalomesenteric c. SYN: vitelline c.. posterior c. of brachial plexus [TA] in the brachial plexus, the bundle of nerve fibers formed by the posterior divisions of the upper, middle and lower trunks which lies posterior to the axillary artery; it gives rise to the upper and lower subscapular and thoracodorsal nerves, terminates by dividing into the axillary, and radial nerves. SYN: fasciculus posterior plexus brachialis [TA] . psalterial c. SYN: stria vascularis of cochlear duct. red pulp cords SYN: splenic cords. rete cords primordial cell cords (medullary cords and sex cords) in the embryonic gonads that connect with some of the mesonephric tubules and from which the rete testis of the male and the rete ovarii of the female develop. SYN: medullary cords (2) . sex cords SYN: germinal cords. spermatic c. [TA] the c. formed by the ductus deferens and its associated structures extending from the deep inguinal ring through the inguinal canal into the scrotum. SEE ALSO: coverings of spermatic c., under covering. SYN: funiculus spermaticus [TA] , chorda spermatica, testicular c.. spinal c. [TA] the elongated cylindrical portion of the cerebrospinal axis, or central nervous system, which is contained in the spinal or vertebral canal. SYN: medulla spinalis [TA] , chorda spinalis, spinal marrow. splenic cords the tissue occurring between the venous sinuses in the red pulp of the spleen. SYN: Billroth cords, red pulp cords. tendinous cords chordae tendineae of heart, under chorda. testicular c. SYN: spermatic c.. testis cords the germinal cords of the embryonic testis. true vocal c. SYN: vocal fold. c. of tympanum SYN: chorda tympani. umbilical c. the definitive connecting stalk between the embryo or fetus and the placenta; at birth it is primarily composed of Wharton jelly in which the umbilical vessels are embedded. SYN: chorda umbilicalis, funiculus umbilicalis, funis (1) . c. of umbilical artery [TA] the obliterated umbilical artery that persists as a fibrous c. passing upward alongside the bladder to the umbilicus. SYN: chorda arteriae umbilicalis [TA] , ligamentum umbilicale mediale, medial umbilical ligament. vitelline c. a persistent yolk stalk in the form of a solid c. of tissue connecting ileum to umbilicus. SYN: omphalomesenteric c.. vocal c. SYN: vocal fold. Weitbrecht c. SYN: oblique c. of interosseous membrane of forearm. Wilde cords transverse markings on the corpus callosum. Willis cords several fibrous cords crossing the superior sagittal sinus. SYN: chordae willisii.

cord-
See chord-.

cordate (kor′dat)
Heart-shaped.

cordectomy (kor-dek′to-me)
Excision of a part or whole of a vocal cord. [G. chorde, cord, + ektome, excision]

cordial (kor′jul)
A sweet aromatic liquor. [Mediev. L. cordialis, fr. cor (cord-), heart]

cordianine (kor-di′a-nen)
SYN: allantoin.

cordiform (kor′di-form)
Heart-shaped. [L. cor (cord-), heart, + forma, shape]

cordis (kor′dis)
Of the heart. [gen. of L. cor, heart] diastasis c. (di-as′ta-sis) any period of mechanical inactivity of the heart and particularly of the ventricles, usually appearing normally during slow heart rates when the ventricles complete their filling early and appear to be inactive.

cordocentesis (cor-do-cen-te′sis)
Transabdominal blood sampling of the fetal umbilical cord, performed under ultrasound guidance. SYN: funipuncture. [cord + G. kentesis, puncture]

cordon sanitaire (kor-don′ san-i-tayr′)
The barrier erected around a focus of infection. [Fr., sanitary barrier]

cordopexy (kor′do-pek-se)
1. Operative fixation of any displaced anatomic cord. 2. Lateral fixation of one or both vocal cords to correct glottic stenosis. [G. chorde, cord, + pexis, fixation]

cordotomy (kor-dot′o-me)
1. Any operation on the spinal cord. 2. Division of tracts of the spinal cord, which may be performed percutaneously (stereotactic c.) or after laminectomy (open c.) by various techniques such as incision or radio frequency coagulation. 3. Incision through the membranous portion of the vocal fold to widen the posterior glottis in bilateral vocal paralysis. [G. chorde, cord, + tome, a cutting] anterolateral c. division of the anterolateral quadrant of the spinal cord to section the spinothalamic tract. SYN: anterolateral tractotomy, spinal tractotomy, spinothalamic c.. open c. c. (2) . posterior column c. division of the posterior column of the spinal cord. spinothalamic c. SYN: anterolateral c.. stereotactic c. c. (2) .

Cordylobia (kor-di-lo′be-a)
A genus of calliphorid fleshflies. [G. kordyle, a cudgel, swelling, or tumor] C. anthropophaga tumbu fly of Africa south of the Sahara; a species that causes a boil-like furuncular myiasis; many animals besides humans are attacked, especially domestic dogs, though rats are probably the chief reservoir of human infection.

cordylobiasis (kor′di-lo-bi′a-sis)
Infection of humans and animals with larvae of flies of the genus Cordylobia. SYN: African furuncular myiasis, tumbu dermal myiasis.

core (kor)
1. The central mass of necrotic tissue in a boil. 2. A metal casting, usually with a post in the canal of a tooth root, designed to retain an artificial crown. 3. A sectional record, usually of plaster of Paris or one of its derivatives, of the relationships of parts, such as teeth, metallic restorations, or copings. [L. cor, heart] atomic c. the nucleus plus the nonvalence electrons. central transactional c. the reticular activating system of the brain.

core-, coreo-, coro-
The pupil (of the eye). [G. kore, pupil]

co-receptor
A cell surface protein that increases the sensitivity of the antigen receptor to antigen by binding to other ligands. B cell c. a complex of three proteins associated with the B-cell receptor (CR2, CD19, and TAPA-1).

corectopia (kor-ek-to′pe-a)
Eccentric location of the pupil so that it is not in the center of the iris. [G. kore, pupil, + ektopos, out of place]

corelysis (ko-re-li′sis)
A rarely used term for freeing of adhesions between lens capsule and the iris. [G. kore, pupil, + lysis, a loosening]

coremium (ko-re′me-um)
A sheaflike tuft of conidiophores. [G. korema, filth, refuse]

coreo-
See core-.

coreoplasty (kor′e-o-plas-te)
The procedure to correct a misshapen, miotic, or occluded pupil. [G. kore, pupil, + plasso, to form]

corepexy (kor′e-pek-se)
A suturing of the iris to modify the shape or size of the pupil. purse-string c. a suture threaded along the pupillary margin and tied down to make a large pupil small.

corepraxy (kor′e-prak′se)
A procedure designed to widen a small pupil. [G. kore, pupil, + praxis, action] laser c. the iris stroma is heated with a laser and the resultant contracture of iris tissue widens the pupil. mechanical c. a procedure that lodges the pupillary margin in the groove of a device which, when widened, stretches the pupillary edge to make the pupil larger.

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