Medical Dictionary

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ethenyl (eth′en-il)
SYN: vinyl.

ethenylbenzene (eth-en-il-ben′zen)
SYN: styrene.

ethenylene (eth-en′il-en)
SYN: vinylene.

ether (e′ther)
1. Any organic compound in which two carbon atoms are independently linked to a common oxygen atom, thus containing the group –C–O–C–. SEE ALSO: epoxy. 2. Loosely used to refer to diethyl e. or an anesthetic e., although a large number of ethers have anesthetic properties. For individual ethers, see the specific name. [G. aither, the pure upper air] anesthetic e. general designation for many ethers. glycol ethers chemicals such as ethylene glycol monomethyl e. and ethylene glycol monoethyl e.; they are teratogens which induce testicular atrophy in animals. solvent e. a fairly pure form of e. (C4H10O) but not sufficiently pure for anesthesia; used as a solvent. xylostyptic e. SYN: styptic collodion.

ethereal (e-ther′e-al)
1. Relating to or containing ether. 2. Dissolved in an ether. [G. aitherios, etherial, fr. aither, the upper air]

etherification (e-ther′i-fi-ka′shun)
Conversion of an alcohol into an ether.

etherization (e′ther-i-za′shun)
Administration of diethyl ether to produce anesthesia.

ethiazide (e-thi′a-zid)
A diuretic.

ethical (eth′i-kal)
Relating to ethics; in conformity with the rules governing personal and professional conduct.

ethics (eth′iks)
The branch of philosophy that deals with the distinction between right and wrong, with the moral consequences of human actions. [G. ethikos, arising from custom, fr. ethos, custom] medical e. the principles of proper professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the physician, patients, and fellow practitioners, as well as the physician's actions in the care of patients and in relations with their families.

ethidene (eth′i-den)
SYN: ethylidene.

ethidium (eth-id′e-um)
SYN: homidium bromide.

ethidium bromide (e-thid′e-um)
A sensitive fluorochrome that binds to DNA; used in cytochemistry and electrophoresis.

ethindrone (e-thin′dron)
SYN: ethisterone.

ethinyl (e-thi′nil)
SYN: ethynyl. e. trichloride SYN: trichloroethylene.

ethinylestrenol (eth′i-nil-es′tre-nol)
SYN: lynestrenol.

ethiodized oil (eth-i′o-dizd)
A radiopaque medium formerly used for lympangiography and hysterosalpingography.

ethionamide (e-thi′on-a-mid)
A second-line antituberculosis drug. Side effects are common, the most common manifestations are gastrointestinal.

ethionine (e-thi′o-nen)
A methionine analog and antagonist, differing in the presence of an S-ethyl group in place of the S-methyl group.

ethisterone (e-this′ter-on)
An orally effective semisynthetic steroid that has biological effects similar to those of progesterone. SYN: ethindrone, pregneninolone.

ethmo-
Combining form denoting: 1. Ethmoid. 2. The ethmoid bone. [G. ethmos, sieve]

ethmocranial (eth-mo-kra′ne-al)
Relating to the ethmoid bone and the cranium as a whole.

ethmofrontal (eth-mo-fron′tal)
Relating to the ethmoid and the frontal bones.

ethmoid (eth′moyd) [TA]
See e. bone. SYN: os ethmoidale [TA] . [G. ethmos, sieve, + eidos, resemblance]

ethmoidal (eth-moy′dal)
Resembling a sieve.

ethmoidale (eth-moy-da′le)
A cephalometric point in the anterior cranial fossa located at the lowest sagittal point of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

ethmoidectomy (eth-moy-dek′to-me)
Removal of all or part of the mucosal lining and bony partitions between the ethmoid sinuses. [ethmo- + G. ektome, excision]

ethmoiditis (eth-moy-di′tis)
Inflammation of the ethmoid sinuses.

ethmolacrimal (eth-mo-lak′ri-mal)
Relating to the ethmoid and the lacrimal bones.

ethmomaxillary (eth-mo-mak′si-la-re)
Relating to the ethmoid and the maxillary bones.

ethmonasal (eth-mo-na′sal)
Relating to the ethmoid and the nasal bones.

ethmopalatal (eth-mo-pal′a-tal)
Relating to the ethmoid and the palate bones.

ethmosphenoid (eth-mo-sfe′noyd)
Relating to the ethmoid and sphenoid bones.

ethmoturbinals (eth-mo-ter′bi-nalz)
The conchae of the ethmoid bone; the superior and middle conchae; occasionally a third, the supreme concha, exists.

ethmovomerine (eth′mo-vo′mer-in)
Relating to the ethmoid bone and the vomer.

ethnic group (eth′nik)
A social group characterized by a distinctive social and cultural tradition maintained from generation to generation, a common history and origin and a sense of identification with the group; members of the group have distinctive features in their way of life, shared experiences and often a common genetic heritage; these features may be reflected in their experience of health and disease.

ethnocentrism (eth-no-sen′trizm)
The tendency to evaluate other groups according to the values and standards of one's own ethnic group, especially with the conviction that one's own ethnic group is superior to the other groups. [G. ethnos, race, tribe, + kentron, center of a circle]

ethnology (eth-nol′o-je)
The science that compares human culture and/or races; cultural anthropology.

ethnopharmacology (eth′no-farm-a-kol′o-je)
The study of differences in response to drugs based on varied ethnicity; pharmacogenetics.

ethoheptazine citrate (eth-o-hep′ta-zen)
An obsolete analgesic.

ethohexadiol (eth′o-hek-sa-di′ol, -hek-sa′di-ol)
Used as an insect repellent.

ethologist (e-thol′o-jist)
A specialist in ethology.

ethology (e-thol′o-je)
The study of animal behavior. [G. ethos, character, habit, + logos, study]

ethomoxane (eth-o-mok′san)
An antianxiety agent. SYN: ethoxybutamoxane.

ethopharmacology (eth′o-far-ma-kol′o-je)
The study of drug effects on behavior, relying on observation and description of species-specific elements (acts and postures during social encounters). SEE ALSO: pharmacogenetics. [G. ethos, character, habit, + pharmacology]

ethopropazine hydrochloride (eth-o-pro′pa-zen)
An anticholinergic agent with some antihistaminic and ganglionic blocking activity. SYN: profenamine hydrochloride.

ethosuximide (eth-o-suk′si-mid)
An anticonvulsant used in the control of absence (petit mal) epilepsy; bone marrow damage and aplastic anemia may occasionally occur.

ethotoin (eth-o-to′in)
An anticonvulsant used in the treatment of generalized tonic clonic epilepsy.

ethotrimeprazine (eth′o-tri-mep′ra-zen)
SYN: etymemazine.

ethoxazene hydrochloride (e-thok′sa-zen)
An azo compound.

ethoxy (e-thok′se)
The monovalent radical, CH3CH2O–.

ethoxybutamoxane (eth-ok′si-bu-ta-mok′san)
SYN: ethomoxane.

ethoxyzolamide (eth-ok-se-zol′a-mid)
A diuretic related chemically and pharmacologically to acetazolamide.

ethyl (Et) (eth′il)
The hydrocarbon radical, CH3CH2–. e. alcohol SYN: alcohol (2) . e. aminobenzoate SYN: benzocaine. e. biscoumacetate an anticoagulant chemically related to bishydroxycoumarin and warfarin. e. butyrate used in perfumery. e. carbamate SYN: urethan. e. chloride a very volatile explosive liquid (under increased pressure); when sprayed on the skin, produces local anesthesia by superficial freezing, but also is a potent inhalation anesthetic. SYN: chloroethane. e. formate a volatile, flammable liquid used as a fumigant, agricultural larvicide, and fungicide; also used as a flavor. e. oleate an alternative vehicle in injections of deoxycorticosterone acetate, menaphthone, etc. e. oxide SYN: diethyl ether. e. salicylate the salicylic acid ester of e. alcohol, with the same action as methyl salicylate.

ethylate (eth′i-lat)
A compound in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group of ethanol is replaced by a metallic atom, usually sodium or potassium; e.g., C2H5ONa, sodium e..

ethylbenztropine (eth′il-benz-tro′pen)
An anticholinergic agent.

ethylcellulose (eth-il-sel′u-los)
An ethyl ether of cellulose, used as a tablet binder.

ethyldichloroarsine (ED) (eth′il-di-klor-o-ar′sen)
C2H5AsCl2;a blister agent used in World War I; irritating to the respiratory tract.

ethylene (eth′i-len)
An explosive constituent of ordinary illuminating gas; hastens ripening of fruit. e. oxide a fumigant, used for cold sterilization of surgical instruments. SYN: oxirane. e. tetrachloride SYN: tetrachlorethylene.

ethylenediamine (eth′i-len-di′a-men)
A volatile colorless liquid of ammoniacal odor and caustic taste; the dihydrochloride is used as a urinary acidifier. Combined with theophylline to make aminophylline, a water-soluble salt suitable for intravenous or rectal administration. SYN: ethanediamine.

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (eth′il-en-di′a-men-tet-ra-a-se′tik)
A chelating agent used to remove multivalent cations from solution as chelates, and used in biochemical research to remove Mg2+, Fe2+, etc., from reactions affected by such ions. As the sodium salt, used as a water softener, to stabilize drugs rapidly decomposed in the presence of traces of metal ions, and as an anticoagulant; as the sodium calcium salt, used to remove radium, lead, strontium, plutonium, and cadmium from the hard tissue, forming stable un-ionized soluble compounds that are excreted by the kidneys. Cf.:EGTA. SYN: edathamil, edetic acid.

ethylene dibromide
Compound used in antiknock gasolines. Severe skin irritant; may cause blistering. Inhalation causes delayed pulmonary lesions. Prolonged exposure may also result in liver and kidney injury. May be a human carcinogen.

ethylene glycol
See glycol (2) .

ethylestrenol (eth-il-es′tre-nol)
A semisynthetic orally effective anabolic steroid.

ethyl ether
SYN: diethyl ether.

ethyl green
SYN: brilliant green.

ethylidene (eth-il′i-den)
The radical CH3CH&dbond;. SYN: ethidene.

ethylidyne (eth-il′i-din)
The radical CH3C&tbond;.

ethylmorphine hydrochloride (eth-il-mor′fen)
The ethyl ether of morphine; an antispasmodic, antitussive, and narcotic analgesic, used locally as an irritant lymphagogue in chronic catarrhal middle ear disease, atrophic rhinitis, and painful ocular diseases (iritis, corneal ulcer, etc.).

ethylnorepinephrine (E.N.E., E.N.S.) (eth′il-nor-ep-i-nef′rin)
A sympathomimetic, used in asthma; it does not raise the blood pressure.

ethylpapaverine hydrochloride (eth′il-pa-pav′er-en)
SYN: ethaverine hydrochloride.

ethylparaben (eth-il-par′a-ben)
An antifungal preservative.

ethylphenylephrine hydrochloride (eth′il-fen-il-ef′ren)
SYN: etilefrine hydrochloride.

ethylstibamine (eth-il-stib′a-men)
A synthetic organic compound of antimony.

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