Medical Dictionary

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portoenterostomy (por′to-en-ter-os′to-me)
An operation for biliary atresia in which a Roux-en-Y loop of jejunum is anastomosed to the hepatic end of the divided extravascular portal structures, including rudimentary bile ducts. SYN: Kasai operation.

portogram (por′to-gram)
Radiographic record of portography. [porto- + G. gramma, a writing]

portography (por-tog′ra-fe)
Delineation of the portal circulation by radiography, using radiopaque material, usually introduced into the spleen or into the portal vein at operation. SYN: portovenography. [porto- + G. grapho, to write]

portosystemic (por′to-sis-tem′ik)
Relating to connections between the portal and systemic venous systems.

portovenography (por′to-ve-nog′ra-fe)
SYN: portography.

porus, pl .pori (po′rus, -ri)
SYN: sweat pore. SEE ALSO: opening. [L. fr. G. poros, passageway] p. acusticus externus [TA] SYN: external acoustic pore. p. acusticus internus SYN: internal acoustic pore. p. crotaphytico-buccinatorius an occasional foramen in the sphenoid bone through which passes the motor portion of the trigeminal nerve; it is formed by ossification of a ligament below and lateral to the foramen ovale. SYN: Hyrtl foramen. p. gustatorius [TA] SYN: taste pore. p. opticus SYN: optic disk. p. sudoriferus SYN: sweat pore.

Posadas
Alejandro, Argentinian parasitologist, 1870–1902. See P. disease.

position (po-zish′un)
1. An attitude, posture, or place occupied. 2. Posture or attitude assumed by a patient for comfort and to facilitate the performance of diagnostic, surgical, or therapeutic procedures. 3. In obstetrics, the relation of an arbitrarily chosen portion of the fetus to the right or left side of the mother; with each presentation there may be a right or left p.; the fetal occiput, chin, and sacrum are the determining points of p. in vertex, face, and breech presentations, respectively. Cf.:presentation. [L. positio, a placing, p., fr. pono, to place] anatomic p. the erect p. of the body with the face directed forward (skull aligned in orbitomeatal or Frankfort plane), the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands directed forward; the terms posterior, anterior, lateral, medial, etc., are applied to the parts as they stand related to each other and to the axis of the body when in this p.. Bozeman p. knee-elbow p., the patient being strapped to supports. Casselberry p. a prone p. that allows an intubated patient to drink without risking entry of the liquid into the tube. centric p. the p. of the mandible in its most retruded unstrained relation to the maxillae. SEE ALSO: centric jaw relation. condylar hinge p. 1. the p. of the condyles in the temporomandibular joints from which a hinge movement is possible; 2. the maxillomandibular relation from which a consciously stimulated true hinge movement can be executed. dorsal p. SYN: supine p.. dorsosacral p. SYN: lithotomy p.. eccentric p. SYN: eccentric relation. electrical heart p. a description of the heart's assumed electrical habitus based upon the form of the QRS complexes in leads aVL, aVF, V1, and V6. Sometimes loosely (and inaccurately) used to describe the frontal plane electric axis. SYN: heart p.. Elliot p. a supine p. upon a double inclined plane or on a single inclined plane, with a cushion under the back at the level of the liver; used to facilitate abdominal section. English p. SYN: Sims p.. flank p. a lateral recumbent p., but with the lower leg flexed, the upper leg extended, and convex extension of the upper side of the body; used for nephrectomy. Fowler p. an inclined p. obtained by raising the head of the bed about 20–30 inches to promote collection of intraabdominal fluid in the lower part of the abdomen. frog leg p. supine with soles of feet together and knees apart to expose the perineum. frontoanterior p. a cephalic presentation of the fetus with its forehead directed toward the right (right frontoanterior, RFA) or to the left (left frontoanterior, LFA) of the acetabulum of the mother. frontoposterior p. a cephalic presentation of the fetus with its forehead directed toward the right (right frontoposterior, RFP) or to the left (left frontoposterior, LFP) sacroiliac articulation of the mother. frontotransverse p. a cephalic presentation of the fetus with its forehead directed toward the right (right frontotransverse, RFT) or to the left (left frontotransverse, LFT) iliac fossa of the mother. genucubital p. SYN: knee-elbow p.. genupectoral p. SYN: knee-chest p.. heart p. SYN: electrical heart p.. hinge p. in dentistry, the orientation of parts in a manner permitting hinge movement between them. intercuspal p. the p. of the mandible when the cusps and sulci of the maxillary and mandibular teeth are in their greatest contact and the mandible is in its most closed p.. knee-chest p. a prone posture resting on the knees and upper part of the chest, assumed for gynecologic or rectal examination. SYN: genupectoral p.. knee-elbow p. a prone p. resting on the knees and elbows, assumed for gynecologic or rectal examination or operation. SYN: genucubital p.. lateral recumbent p. SYN: Sims p.. leapfrog p. a stooping p., such as that taken by children in playing leapfrog, assumed for rectal examination. lithotomy p. a supine p. with buttocks at the end of the operating table, the hips and knees being fully flexed with feet strapped in p.. SYN: dorsosacral p.. mandibular hinge p. any p. of the mandible that exists when the condyles are so situated in the temporomandibular joints that opening or closing movements can be made on the hinge axis. Mayo-Robson p. a supine p. with a thick pad under the loins, causing a marked lordosis in this region; used in operations on the gallbladder. mentoanterior p. (MA) a cephalic presentation of the fetus with its chin pointing to symphysis or rotated to the right (right mentoanterior, RMA) or to the left (left mentoanterior, LMA) acetabulum of the mother. mentoposterior p. (MP) a cephalic presentation of the fetus with its chin pointing to the sacrum or rotated to the right (right mentoposterior, RMP) or to the left (left mentoposterior, LMP) sacroiliac articulation of the mother. mentotransverse p. a cephalic presentation of the fetus with its chin pointing to the right (right mentotransverse, RMT) or to the left (left mentotransverse, LMT) iliac fossa of the mother. Noble p. patient standing and bent slightly forward; useful for inspection of a swelling of the loin that may occur with pyelonephritis. obstetric p. the p. assumed by the parturient woman, either dorsal recumbent or lateral recumbent. occipitoanterior p. (OA) a cephalic presentation of the fetus with its occiput under the symphysis or rotated toward the right (right occipitoanterior, ROA) or to the left (left occipitoanterior, LOA) acetabulum of the mother. occipitoposterior p. (OP) a cephalic presentation of the fetus with its occiput turned toward the sacrum or rotated to the right (right occipitoposterior, ROP) or to the left (left occipitoposterior, LOP) sacroiliac joint of the mother. occipitotransverse p. a cephalic presentation of the fetus with its occiput turned toward the right (right occipitotransverse, ROT) or to the left (left occipitotransverse, LOT) iliac fossa of the mother. occlusal p. the relationship of the mandible and maxillae when the jaws are closed and the teeth are in contact; it may or may not coincide with centric occlusion. orthopnea p. SYN: orthopneic p.. orthopneic p. the p. assumed by patients with orthopnea, namely sitting propped up in bed by several pillows. SYN: orthopnea p.. physiologic rest p. the usual p. of the mandible when the patient is resting comfortably in the upright p. and the condyles are in a neutral unstrained p. in the glenoid fossae. SEE ALSO: rest relation. SYN: postural p., postural resting p., rest p.. postural p., postural resting p. SYN: physiologic rest p.. prone p. lying face down. protrusive p. a forward p. of the mandible produced by muscular effort. rest p. SYN: physiologic rest p.. reverse Trendelenburg p. supine p. without flexing or extending, in which the head is higher than the feet. Rose p. supine p. with the head off the end of the table, the neck in extension; used in operations within the mouth or pharynx. sacroanterior p. (SA) a breech presentation of the fetus with the sacrum under the symphysis or rotated to the right (right sacroanterior, RSA) or to the left (left sacroanterior, LSA) acetabulum of the mother. sacroposterior p. (SP) a breech presentation of the fetus with the sacrum next to maternal sacrum or rotated pointing to the right (right sacroposterior, RSP) or to the left (left sacroposterior, LSP) sacroiliac articulation of the mother. sacrotransverse p. a breech presentation of the fetus with its sacrum pointing to the right (right sacrotransverse, RST) or to the left (left sacrotransverse, LST) sacroiliac articulation of the mother. Scultetus p. a supine p. on an inclined plane with head low, recommended by Scultetus for herniotomy and castration. semi-Fowler p. an inclined p. obtained by raising the head of the bed 10–15 inches, flexing the hips, and placing a support under the knees so that they are bent at approximately 90°, thereby allowing fluid in the abdominal cavity to collect in the pelvis. semiprone p. SYN: Sims p.. Simon p. a p. for vaginal examination; a supine p. with hips elevated, thighs and legs flexed, and thighs widely separated. Sims p. a p. to facilitate a vaginal examination, with the patient lying on her side with the lower arm behind the back, the thighs flexed, the upper one more than the lower. SYN: English p., lateral recumbent p., semiprone p.. supine p. lying upon the back. SYN: dorsal p.. terminal hinge p. the mandibular hinge p. from which further opening of the mandible would produce translatory rather than hinge movement. Trendelenburg p. a supine p. on the operating table, which is inclined at varying angles so that the pelvis is higher than the head; used during and after operations in the pelvis or for shock. Valentine p. a supine p. on a table with double inclined plane so as to cause flexion at the hips; used to facilitate urethral irrigation. Walcher p. obsolete term for a supine p. of the parturient woman with the lower extremities falling over the edge of the table.

positioner (po-zish′un-er)
A resilient elastoplastic or rubber removable appliance fitting over the occlusal surface of the teeth, to obtain limited tooth movement and/or stabilization, usually used at the end of orthodontic treatment.

positive (poz′i-tiv)
1. Affirmative; definite; not negative. 2. Denoting a response, the occurrence of a reaction, or the existence of the entity or condition in question. 3. Having a value greater than zero. [L. positivus, settled by arbitrary agreement, fr. pono, pp. positus, to set, place]

positive G
Gravity or acceleration in the usual head-to-foot direction in flying or in standing upright; the reverse of negative G.

positron (β+) (poz′i-tron)
A subatomic particle of mass and charge equal to the electron but of opposite ( i.e., positive) charge. SYN: positive electron.

posologic (po-so-loj′ik)
Relating to posology.

posology (po-sol′o-je)
The branch of pharmacology and therapeutics concerned with a determination of the doses of remedies; the science of dosage. [G. posos, how much, + logos, study]

post (post)
In dentistry, a dowel or pin inserted into the root canal of a natural tooth as an attachment for an artificial crown.

post-
After, behind, posterior; opposite of anti-. Cf.:meta-. [L. post]

postacetabular (post′as-e-tab′u-lar)
Posterior to the acetabular cavity.

postadolescence (post-ad-o-les′ens)
The period after adolescence or puberty.

postanal (post-a′nal)
Posterior to the anus.

postanesthetic (post′an-es-thet′ik)
Occurring after anesthesia.

postapoplectic (post′ap-o-plek′tik)
Occurring after an attack of apoplexy.

postaxial (post-ak′se-al)
1. Posterior to the axis of the body or any limb, the latter being in the anatomic position. 2. Denoting the portion of a limb bud that lies caudal to the axis of the limb: the ulnar aspect of the upper limb and the fibular aspect of the lower limb.

postbrachial (post′bra′ke-al)
On or in the posterior part of the upper arm.

postcardinal (post′kar′di-nal)
Relating to the posterior cardinal veins.

postcava (post′ka′va)
SYN: inferior vena cava.

postcaval (post′ka′val)
Relating to the inferior vena cava.

postcentral (post-sen′tral)
Referring to the cerebral convolution forming the posterior bank of the central sulcus: the p. gyrus.

postchroming (post′krom′ing)
SYN: afterchroming.

postcibal (post-si′bal)
After a meal or the taking of food. [L. cibum, food]

postclavicular (post′kla-vik′u-lar)
Posterior to the clavicle.

postcoital (post-ko′i-tal)
After coitus.

postcoitus (post-ko′i-tus)
The time immediately after coitus.

postcordial (post′kor′jal)
Posterior to the heart. [L. cor (cord-), heart]

postcostal (post-kos′tal)
Behind the ribs.

postcrown
A crown, replacing the natural crown, which is retained on the stump of the root of a tooth from which the pulp has been removed, by a post or pin integral with the crown and sealed in the treated root canal with a cement.

postcubital (post′ku′bi-tal)
On or in the posterior or dorsal part of the forearm.

postdam
SYN: posterior palatal seal.

postdiastolic (post′di-a-stol′ik)
Following diastole.

postdicrotic (post-di-krot′ik)
Following the dicrotic wave in a sphygmogram; denoting an additional variation in the descending line of the pulse tracing.

postdiphtheritic (post′dif-the-rit′ik)
Following or occurring as a sequel of diphtheria.

postdormital (post-dor′mi-tal)
Relating to the postdormitum.

postdormitum (post-dor′mi-tum)
The period of increasing consciousness between sound sleep and waking. [L. dormio, to sleep]

postductal (post-duk′tal)
Relating to that part of the aorta distal to the aortic opening of the ductus arteriosus.

postencephalitic (post-en-sef′a-lit′ik)
Following encephalitis.

postepileptic (post′ep-i-lep′tik)
Following an epileptic seizure.

posterior (pos-ter′e-or) [TA]
1. After, in relation to time or space. 2. [NA] In human anatomy, denoting the back surface of the body. Often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another, i.e., nearer the back of the body. SYN: dorsal (2) [TA] , dorsalis [TA] , posticus. 3. Near the tail or caudal end of certain embryos. 4. An undesirable and confusing substitute for caudal in quadrupeds; in veterinary anatomy, p. is used only to denote some structures of the head. [L. comparative of posterus, following]

posterius (pos-ter′e-us)
Neuter of posterior. [L.]

postero-
Posterior; at the back of. [L. posterior]

posteroanterior (pos′ter-o-an-ter′e-or)
A term denoting the direction of view or progression, from posterior to anterior, through a part.

posteroclusion (pos′ter-o-kloo′shun)
SYN: posterior occlusion.

posteroexternal (pos′ter-o-ek-ster′nal)
SYN: posterolateral.

posterointernal (pos′ter-o-in-ter′nal)
SYN: posteromedial.

posterolateral (pos′ter-o-lat′e-ral)
Behind and to one side, specifically to the outer side. SYN: posteroexternal.

posteromedial (pos′ter-o-me′de-al)
Behind and to the inner side. SYN: posterointernal.

posteromedian (pos′ter-o-me′de-an)
Occupying a central position posteriorly.

posteroparietal (pos′ter-o-pa-ri′e-tal)
Relating to the posterior portion of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum.

posterosuperior (pos′ter-o-soo-pe′re-or)
Situated behind and at the upper part.

posterotemporal (pos′ter-o-tem′po-ral)
Relating to or lying in the posterior portion of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.

postesophageal (post′e-sof′a-je′al, e-so-faj′e-al)
Behind the esophagus.

postestrus, postestrum (post-es′trus, -trum)
The period in the estrus cycle following estrus; characterized by the growth of the corpus luteum and physiologic changes related to the production of progesterone.

postfebrile (post-fe′bril)
Occurring after a fever. SYN: metapyretic.

postganglionic (post′gang-gle-on′ik)
Distal to or beyond a ganglion; referring to the unmyelinated nerve fibers originating from cells in an autonomic ganglion. SYN: neurofibrae postganglionicae.

posthemiplegic (post′hem-i-ple′jik)
Following hemiplegia.

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