Population: Nationality: Ethnic groups: Languages: Religions: Demographic profile: Age structure: Dependency ratios: Median age: Population growth rate: Birth rate: Death rate: Net migration rate: Population distribution: Urbanization: Major urban areas - population: Sex ratio: Mother's mean age at first birth: Maternal mortality rate: Infant mortality rate: Life expectancy at birth: Total fertility rate: Contraceptive prevalence rate: Health expenditures: Physicians density: Drinking water source: Sanitation facility access: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: HIV/AIDS - deaths: Major infectious diseases: Obesity - adult prevalence rate: Children under the age of 5 years underweight: Education expenditures: Literacy: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): Child labor - children ages 5-14:
11,852,462 (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
[see also: Population country ranks ]
noun: Chadian(s)
adjective: Chadian
Sara (Ngambaye/Sara/Madjingaye/Mbaye) 25.9%, Arab 12.6%, Kanembu/Bornu/Buduma 8.3%, Wadai/Maba/Masalit/Mimi 7%, Gorane 6.8%, Masa/Musseye/Musgum 4.7%, Bulala/Medogo/Kuka 3.6%, Bidiyo/Migaama/Kenga/Dangleat 3.6%, Marba/Lele/Mesme 2.9%, Dadjo/Kibet/Muro 2.5%, Mundang 2.5%, Gabri/Kabalaye/Nanchere/Somrai 2.4%, Zaghawa/Bideyat/Kobe 2.3%, Fulani/Fulbe/Bodore 2%, Tupuri/Kera 2%, Tama/Assongori/Mararit 1.6%, Baguirmi/Barma 1.3%, Karo/Zime/Peve 1.3%, Mesmedje/Massalat/Kadjakse 1%, other Chadian ethnicities 2.5%, Chadians of foreign ethnicities 0.6%, foreign nationals 2.5% (Sudanese 2%) (2009 est.)
French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
Muslim 58.4%, Catholic 18.5%, Protestant 16.1%, animist 4%, other 0.5%, none 2.4% (2009 est.)
Despite the start of oil production in 2003, 40% of Chad’s population lives below the poverty line. The population will continue to grow rapidly because of the country’s very high fertility rate and large youth cohort – more than 65% of the populace is under the age of 25 – although the mortality rate is high and life expectancy is low. Chad has the world’s third highest maternal mortality rate. Among the primary risk factors are poverty, anemia, rural habitation, high fertility, poor education, and a lack of access to family planning and obstetric care. Impoverished, uneducated adolescents living in rural areas are most affected. To improve women’s reproductive health and reduce fertility, Chad will need to increase women’s educational attainment, job participation, and knowledge of and access to family planning. Only about a quarter of women are literate, less than 5% use contraceptives, and more than 40% undergo genital cutting.
More than 300,000 refugees from Sudan and almost 70,000 from the Central African Republic strain Chad’s limited resources and create tensions in host communities. Thousands of new refugees fled to Chad in 2013 to escape worsening violence in the Darfur region of Sudan. The large refugee populations are hesitant to return to their home countries because of continued instability. Chad was relatively stable in 2012 in comparison to other states in the region, but past fighting between government forces and opposition groups and inter-communal violence have left nearly 60,000 of its citizens displaced in the eastern part of the country.
0-14 years: 43.63% (male 2,622,700/female 2,549,035)
[see also: Age structure 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 21.18% (male 1,225,731/female 1,285,150)
[see also: Age structure 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 28.31% (male 1,525,208/female 1,830,530)
[see also: Age structure 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 3.87% (male 202,044/female 256,936)
[see also: Age structure 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 3% (male 146,957/female 208,171) (2016 est.)
[see also: Age structure 65 years and over country ranks ]
population pyramid:
A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
total dependency ratio: 100.7%
[see also: Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio country ranks ]
youth dependency ratio: 95.8%
[see also: Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio country ranks ]
elderly dependency ratio: 4.9%
[see also: Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio country ranks ]
potential support ratio: 20.3% (2015 est.)
[see also: Dependency ratios - potential support ratio country ranks ]
total: 17.6 years
[see also: Median age - total country ranks ]
male: 16.6 years
[see also: Median age - male country ranks ]
female: 18.6 years (2016 est.)
[see also: Median age - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 218
1.88% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
[see also: Population growth rate country ranks ]
36.1 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
[see also: Birth rate country ranks ]
14 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 7
[see also: Death rate country ranks ]
-3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 183
[see also: Net migration rate country ranks ]
the population is unevenly distributed due to contrasts in climate and physical geography; the highest density is found in the southwest, particularly around Lake Chad and points south; the dry Saharan zone to the north is the least densely populated
urban population: 22.5% of total population (2015)
[see also: Urbanization - urban population country ranks ]
rate of urbanization: 3.42% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
[see also: Urbanization - rate of urbanization country ranks ]
N'DJAMENA (capital) 1.26 million (2015)
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - at birth country ranks ]
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 0.83 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 0.79 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 65 years and over country ranks ]
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
17.9
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2014/15 est.)
[see also: Mother's mean age at first birth country ranks ]
856 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
[see also: Maternal mortality rate country ranks ]
total: 87 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - total country ranks ]
male: 92.5 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - male country ranks ]
female: 81.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
[see also: Infant mortality rate - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 6
total population: 50.2 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - total country ranks ]
male: 49 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - male country ranks ]
female: 51.5 years (2016 est.)
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 224
4.45 children born/woman (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
[see also: Total fertility rate country ranks ]
4.8% (2010)
[see also: Contraceptive prevalence rate country ranks ]
3.6% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 174
[see also: Health expenditures country ranks ]
0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2006)
[see also: Physicians density country ranks ]
improved:
urban: 71.8% of population
rural: 44.8% of population
total: 50.8% of population
[see also: Drinking water source - Improved - total country ranks ]
unimproved:
urban: 28.2% of population
rural: 55.2% of population
total: 49.2% of population (2015 est.)
[see also: Drinking water source - Unimproved - total country ranks ]
improved:
urban: 31.4% of population
rural: 6.5% of population
total: 12.1% of population
[see also: Sanitation facility access - Total Improved country ranks ]
unimproved:
urban: 68.6% of population
rural: 93.5% of population
total: 87.9% of population (2015 est.)
[see also: Sanitation facility access - Total UnImproved country ranks ]
2.04% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
[see also: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]
165,600 (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 25
[see also: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS country ranks ]
8,500 (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
[see also: HIV/AIDS - deaths country ranks ]
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies (2016)
6.6% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 177
[see also: Obesity - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]
28.8% (2015)
country comparison to the world: 13
[see also: Children under the age of 5 years underweight country ranks ]
2.9% of GDP (2013)
country comparison to the world: 160
[see also: Education expenditures - percent of GDP country ranks ]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic
total population: 40.2%
[see also: Literacy - total country ranks ]
male: 48.5%
[see also: Literacy - male country ranks ]
female: 31.9% (2015 est.)
[see also: Literacy - female country ranks ]
total: 7 years
[see also: School life expectancy - total country ranks ]
male: 9 years
[see also: School life expectancy - male country ranks ]
female: 6 years (2011)
[see also: School life expectancy - female country ranks ]
total number: 1,475,960
[see also: Child labor - children ages 5-14 - total number country ranks ]
percentage: 48% (2010 est.)