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Bahrain Geography 1996

Location:

Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia

Map references:

Middle East

Area:

total area:

620 sq km

land area:

620 sq km

comparative area:

slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

161 km

Maritime claims:

contiguous zone:

24 nm

continental shelf:

extending to boundaries to be determined

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

territorial dispute with Qatar over the Hawar Islands; maritime boundary with Qatar

Climate:

arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

Terrain:

mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment

Natural resources:

oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

other:

90%

Irrigated land:

10 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; no natural fresh water resources so that groundwater and sea water are the only sources for all water needs

natural hazards:

periodic droughts; dust storms

international agreements:

party to - Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity

Note:

close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf through which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean

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