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Colombia Geography 1996

Location:

Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama

Map references:

South America

Area:

total area:

1,138,910 sq km

land area:

1,038,700 sq km

comparative area:

slightly less than three times the size of Montana

note:

includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank, and Serranilla Bank

Land boundaries:

total 7,408 km, Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 2,900 km, Venezuela 2,050 km

Coastline:

3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

maritime boundary dispute with Venezuela in the Gulf of Venezuela; territorial dispute with Nicaragua over Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank

Climate:

tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands

Terrain:

flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains

Natural resources:

petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

29%

forest and woodland:

49%

other:

16%

Irrigated land:

5,150 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

deforestation; soil damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions

natural hazards:

highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts

international agreements:

party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

Note:

only South American country with coastlines on both North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea

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