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Ecuador Geography 1996

Location:

Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru

Map references:

South America

Area:

total area:

283,560 sq km

land area:

276,840 sq km

comparative area:

slightly smaller than Nevada

note:

includes Galapagos Islands

Land boundaries:

total 2,010 km, Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km

Coastline:

2,237 km

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:

claims continental shelf between mainland and Galapagos Islands

territorial sea:

200 nm

International disputes:

three sections of the boundary with Peru are in dispute

Climate:

tropical along coast becoming cooler inland

Terrain:

coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)

Natural resources:

petroleum, fish, timber

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

17%

forest and woodland:

51%

other:

23%

Irrigated land:

5,500 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution

natural hazards:

frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; periodic droughts

international agreements:

party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Tropical Timber 94

Note:

Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world

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