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Eritrea Geography 1996

    • Location:
      Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan

    • Map references:
      Africa

    • Area:

        total area:
        121,320 sq km

        land area:
        121,320 sq km

        comparative area:
        slightly larger than Pennsylvania

    • Land boundaries:
      total 1,630 km, Djibouti 113 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km

    • Coastline:
      1,151 km (land and island coastline is 2,234 km)

    • Maritime claims:
      NA

    • International disputes:
      none

    • Climate:
      hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except on coastal desert

    • Terrain:
      dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains

    • Natural resources:
      gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, probably oil (petroleum geologists are prospecting for it), fish

    • Land use:

        arable land:
        3%

        permanent crops:
        2% (coffee)

        meadows and pastures:
        40%

        forest and woodland:
        5%

        other:
        50%

    • Irrigated land:
      NA sq km

    • Environment:

        current issues:
        famine; deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare

        natural hazards:
        frequent droughts

        international agreements:
        party to - Endangered Species; signed, but not ratified - Desertification

    • Note:
      strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 27 April 1993






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