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Estonia Geography 1996

Location:

Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia

Map references:

Europe

Area:

total area:

45,100 sq km

land area:

43,200 sq km

comparative area:

slightly larger than New Hampshire and Vermont combined

note:

includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea

Land boundaries:

total 557 km, Latvia 267 km, Russia 290 km

Coastline:

1,393 km

Maritime claims:

exclusive economic zone:

limits to be fixed in coordination with neighboring states

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

claims over 2,000 sq km of Russian territory in the Narva and Pechora regions - based on boundary established under the 1921 Peace Treaty of Tartu

Climate:

maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers

Terrain:

marshy, lowlands

Natural resources:

shale oil, peat, phosphorite, amber

Land use:

arable land:

22%

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

11%

forest and woodland:

31%

other:

36%

Irrigated land:

110 sq km (1990)

Environment:

current issues:

air heavily polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products, chemicals at military bases

natural hazards:

flooding occurs frequently in the spring

international agreements:

party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

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