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Pakistan Geography 1996

Location:

Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India and Iran

Map references:

Asia

Area:

total area:

803,940 sq km

land area:

778,720 sq km

comparative area:

slightly less than twice the size of California

Land boundaries:

total 6,774 km, Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km

Coastline:

1,046 km

Maritime claims:

contiguous zone:

24 nm

continental shelf:

200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

status of Kashmir with India; border question with Afghanistan (Durand Line); water-sharing problems (Wular Barrage) over the Indus with upstream riparian India

Climate:

mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north

Terrain:

flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west

Natural resources:

land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone

Land use:

arable land:

23%

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

other:

67% (1993)

Irrigated land:

170,000 sq km (1992)

Environment:

current issues:

water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

natural hazards:

frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)

international agreements:

party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

Note:

controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent

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