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Peru Geography 1996

Location:

Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador

Map references:

South America

Area:

total area:

1,285,220 sq km

land area:

1.28 million sq km

comparative area:

slightly smaller than Alaska

Land boundaries:

total 6,940 km, Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 2,900 km, Ecuador 1,420 km

Coastline:

2,414 km

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:

200 nm

territorial sea:

200 nm

International disputes:

three sections of the boundary with Ecuador are in dispute

Climate:

varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west

Terrain:

western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)

Natural resources:

copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

21%

forest and woodland:

55%

other:

21%

Irrigated land:

12,500 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

deforestation; overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes

natural hazards:

earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity

international agreements:

party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Tropical Timber 94

Note:

shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia

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