Railroads: 2,962 km total; 2,457 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 505 km 1.000-meter gauge

Highways: 25,379 km total; 8,190 km paved, 5,534 km improved earth, 11,655 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways: 1,015 km; Shatt al Arab usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km, but closed since September 1980 because of Iran-Iraq war; Tigris and Euphrates navigable by shallow-draft steamers (of little importance); Shatt al Basrah canal navigable by shallow-draft vessels

Ports: Al Basrah, Umm Qasr, Al Faw (largely destroyed in fighting during 1980-88 war), Khawr az Zubayr

Merchant marine: 43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 906,496 GRT/1,616,429 DWT; includes 1 passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 18 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 18 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker

Pipelines: crude oil, 4,350 km; 725 km refined products; 1,360 km natural gas

Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft

Airports: 106 total, 97 usable; 69 with permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways over 3,659 m; 48 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 15 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: good network consists of coaxial cables, radio relay links, and radiocommunication stations; 632,000 telephones; stations--9 AM, 1 FM, 81 TV; satellite stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT; 1 Intersputnik coaxial cable and radio relay to Kuwait, Jordan, Syria, and Turkey

NOTE: The information regarding Iraq on this page is re-published from the 1989 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Iraq Communications 1989 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Iraq Communications 1989 should be addressed to the CIA.