Economy - overview:
Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, faces severe economic development problems stemming from secessionist movements and the low level of security in the regions; the lack of reliable legal recourse in contract disputes; corruption; weaknesses in the banking system; and strained relations with the IMF. Investor confidence will remain low and few new jobs will be created under these circumstances. In November 2001, Indonesia agreed with the IMF on a series of economic reforms in 2002, thus enabling further IMF disbursements. Negotiations with the IMF and bilateral donors continued in 2002. Keys to future growth remain internal reform, the build-up of the confidence of international donors and investors, and a strong comeback in the global economy.
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $663 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
3.5% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $3,100 (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 17%
industry: 41%
services: 42% (2001 est.)
Population below poverty line:
27% (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 4%
highest 10%: 26.7% (1999)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
31.7 (1999)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
11.9% (2002 est.)
Labor force:
99 million (1999)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate:
10.6% (2002 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $26 billion
expenditures: $30 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Industries:
petroleum and natural gas; textiles, apparel, and footwear; mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood; rubber; food; tourism
Industrial production growth rate:
4.9% (2002 est.)
Electricity - production:
95.78 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 86.9%
hydro: 10.5%
other: 2.6% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption:
89.08 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2001)
Oil - production:
1.451 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:
1.045 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:
NA
Oil - imports:
NA
Oil - proved reserves:
7.083 billion bbl (January 2002 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
2.549 trillion cu m (January 2002 est.)
Agriculture - products:
rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs
Exports:
$52.3 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports - commodities:
oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber
Exports - partners:
Japan 19.2%, US 14.5%, Singapore 11.6%, South Korea 6.6%, China 5.6%, Taiwan 3.7% (2002)
Imports:
$32.1 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
Japan 18.2%, South Korea 9.6%, Singapore 8.4%, China 7.9%, US 7.6%, Australia 5.0% (2002)
Debt - external:
$131 billion (2002 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$43 billion from IMF program and other official external financing (1997-2000)
Currency:
Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
Currency code:
IDR
Exchange rates:
Indonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 9,311.19 (2002), 10,260.8 (2001), 8,421.77 (2000), 7,855.15 (1999), 10,013.6 (1998)
Fiscal year:
calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year
NOTE: The information regarding Indonesia on this page is re-published from the 2003 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Guinea Geography 2003 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Indonesia Economy 2003 should be addressed to the CIA.
