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    Iran Geography - 2003
    https://theodora.com/wfb2003/iran/iran_geography.html
    SOURCE: 2003 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK

      Location: Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan


      Geographic coordinates: 32 00 N, 53 00 E


      Map references: Middle East


      Area: total: 1.648 million sq km
      land: 1.636 million sq km
      water: 12,000 sq km


      Area - comparative: slightly larger than Alaska


      Land boundaries: total: 5,440 km
      border countries: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km


      Coastline: 2,440 km; note - Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)


      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 NM
      territorial sea: 12 NM
      continental shelf: natural prolongation
      exclusive economic zone: bilateral agreements or median lines in the Persian Gulf


      Climate: mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast


      Terrain: rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts


      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m
      highest point: Kuh-e Damavand 5,671 m


      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur


      Land use: arable land: 10.17%
      permanent crops: 1.16%
      other: 88.67% (1998 est.)


      Irrigated land: 75,620 sq km (1998 est.)


      Natural hazards: periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes along western border and in the northeast


      Environment - current issues: air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation (salination); inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution from raw sewage and industrial waste; urbanization


      Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
      signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation


      Geography - note: strategic location on the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, which are vital maritime pathways for crude oil transport

      NOTE: The information regarding Iran on this page is re-published from the 2003 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Guinea Geography 2003 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Iran Geography 2003 should be addressed to the CIA.

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    https://theodora.com/wfb2003/iran/iran_geography.html

    Revised 20-Sep-03
    Copyright © 2020 Photius Coutsoukis (all rights reserved)