Population:
10,112,453
country comparison to the world: 82
note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2010 est.)
[see also: Population country ranks ]

Age structure:
0-14 years: 45% (male 2,215,331/female 2,204,503)
[see also: Age structure - 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-64 years: 52.6% (male 2,588,356/female 2,579,737)
[see also: Age structure - 15-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 2.5% (male 101,764/female 142,326) (2010 est.)
[see also: Age structure - 65 years and over country ranks ]

Median age:
total: 17.6 years
[see also: Median age - total country ranks ]
male: 17.4 years
[see also: Median age - male country ranks ]
female: 17.7 years (2010 est.)
[see also: Median age - female country ranks ]

Population growth rate:
2.809% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 17
[see also: Population growth rate country ranks ]

Birth rate:
43.33 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8
[see also: Birth rate country ranks ]

Death rate:
15.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
[see also: Death rate country ranks ]

Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
[see also: Net migration rate country ranks ]

Urbanization:
urban population: 37% of total population (2008)
[see also: Urbanization - urban population country ranks ]
rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
[see also: Urbanization - rate of urbanization country ranks ]

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - at birth country ranks ]
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - under 15 years country ranks ]
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 15-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 65 years and over country ranks ]
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
[see also: Sex ratio - total population country ranks ]

Infant mortality rate:
total: 107.42 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 5
[see also: Infant mortality rate - total country ranks ]
male: 116.47 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - male country ranks ]
female: 98.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
[see also: Infant mortality rate - female country ranks ]

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 50 years
country comparison to the world: 214
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - total population country ranks ]
male: 48.12 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - male country ranks ]
female: 51.94 years (2010 est.)
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - female country ranks ]

Total fertility rate:
6.44 children born/woman (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 4
[see also: Total fertility rate country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.5% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
[see also: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
24,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
[see also: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
1,600 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
[see also: HIV/AIDS - deaths country ranks ]

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Rift Valley fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Nationality:
noun: Somali(s)
adjective: Somali

Ethnic groups:
Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including Arabs 30,000)

Religions:
Sunni Muslim

Languages:
Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 37.8%
[see also: Literacy - total population country ranks ]
male: 49.7%
[see also: Literacy - male country ranks ]
female: 25.8% (2001 est.)
[see also: Literacy - female country ranks ]

Education expenditures:
NA
[see also: Education expenditures country ranks ]