Location:
Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands

Geographic coordinates:
50 50 N, 4 00 E

Map references:
Europe

Area:
total: 30,528 sq km
[see also: Area - total country ranks ]
land: 30,278 sq km
[see also: Area - land country ranks ]
water: 250 sq km
[see also: Area - water country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 141

Area - comparative:
about the size of Maryland

Land boundaries:
total: 1,297 km
border countries (4): France 556 km, Germany 133 km, Luxembourg 130 km, Netherlands 478 km
[see also: Land boundaries country ranks ]

Coastline:
66.5 km
[see also: Coastline country ranks ]

Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: geographic coordinates define outer limit
continental shelf: median line with neighbors

Climate:
temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy

Terrain:
flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast

Elevation:
mean elevation: 181 m
[see also: Mean Elevation country ranks ]
elevation extremes: lowest point: North Sea 0 m highest point: Botrange 694 m

Natural resources:
construction materials, silica sand, carbonates, arable land

Land use:
agricultural land: 44.1% arable land 27.2%; permanent crops 0.8%; permanent pasture 16.1%
[see also: Land use - agricultural land country ranks ]
forest: 22.4%
[see also: Land use - forest country ranks ]
other: 33.5% (2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - other country ranks ]

Irrigated land:
230 sq km (2012)
[see also: Irrigated land country ranks ]

Population - distribution:
most of the population concentrated in the northern two-thirds of the country; the southeast is more thinly populated; considered to have one of the highest population densities in the world; approximately 97% live in urban areas

Natural hazards:
flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes

Environment - current issues:
intense pressures from human activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry, extensive animal breeding and crop cultivation; air and water pollution also have repercussions for neighboring countries

Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:
crossroads of Western Europe; most West European capitals are within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the European Union and NATO