Economy - overview:
Bosnia has a transitional economy with limited market reforms. The economy relies heavily on the export of metals, energy, textiles, and furniture as well as on remittances and foreign aid. A highly decentralized government hampers economic policy coordination and reform, while excessive bureaucracy and a segmented market discourage foreign investment. Foreign banks, primarily from Austria and Italy, now control most of the banking sector. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark or BAM) - the national currency introduced in 1998 - is pegged to the euro, and confidence in the currency and the banking sector has remained stable.Interethnic warfare in Bosnia and Herzegovina caused production to plummet by 80% from 1992 to 1995 and unemployment to soar, but the economy made progress until 2008, when the global economic crisis caused a downturn. Bosnia and Herzegovina became a full member of the Central European Free Trade Agreement in September 2007.Bosnia's private sector is growing slowly, but foreign investment has dropped sharply since 2007. Government spending - including transfer payments - remains high, at roughly 40% of GDP, because of redundant government offices at the national, sub-national, and municipal level. High unemployment remains the most serious macroeconomic problem. Successful implementation of a value-added tax in 2006 provided a steady source of revenue for the government and helped rein in gray-market activity. National-level statistics have also improved over time but a large share of economic activity remains unofficial and unrecorded.Bosnia and Herzegovina's top economic priorities are: acceleration of integration into the EU; strengthening the fiscal system; public administration reform; World Trade Organization membership; and securing economic growth by fostering a dynamic, competitive private sector.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$42.53 billion (2016 est.) $41.29 billion (2015 est.) $40.03 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 113
[see also: GDP country ranks ]

GDP (official exchange rate):
$16.53 billion (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]

GDP - real growth rate:
3% (2016 est.) 3.2% (2015 est.) 1.1% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$11,000 (2016 est.) $10,700 (2015 est.) $10,300 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 136
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]

Gross national saving:
12% of GDP (2016 est.) 10.5% of GDP (2015 est.) 10.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption: 80.9%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption: 21.5%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption country ranks ]
investment in fixed capital: 18.6%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital country ranks ]
investment in inventories: 0%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories country ranks ]
exports of goods and services: 32.8%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services country ranks ]
imports of goods and services: -55.1% (2016 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 7.8%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 26.8%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry country ranks ]
services: 65.4% (2016 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services country ranks ]

Agriculture - products:
wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock

Industries:
steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, ammunition, domestic appliances, oil refining

Industrial production growth rate:
4% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]

Labor force:
1.48 million (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]

Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 19%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 30%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 51% (2013)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]

Unemployment rate:
43.2% (2015 est.) 43.2% (2015 est.)
note: official rate; actual rate is lower as many technically unemployed persons work in the gray economy
country comparison to the world: 199
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]

Population below poverty line:
17.2% (2011 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.7%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: 27.3% (2007)
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
36.2 (2007)
country comparison to the world: 86
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]

Budget:
revenues: $7.681 billion
[see also: Budget revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $7.975 billion (2016 est.)
[see also: Budget expenditures country ranks ]

Taxes and other revenues:
46.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-1.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]

Public debt:
46.5% of GDP (2016 est.) 46.1% of GDP (2015 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as int
country comparison to the world: 96
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]

Fiscal year:
calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
-0.8% (2016 est.) -1% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
5% (31 December 2016 est.) 5.79% (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]

Stock of narrow money:
$5.008 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.554 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]

Stock of broad money:
$9.223 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $10.72 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]

Stock of domestic credit:
$9.367 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $9.389 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]

Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]

Current account balance:
-$847 million (2016 est.) -$901 million (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]

Exports:
$3.93 billion (2016 est.) $3.95 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115
[see also: Exports country ranks ]

Exports - commodities:
metals, clothing, wood products

Exports - partners:
Slovenia 16.5%, Italy 15.9%, Germany 12.1%, Croatia 11.5%, Austria 11.1%, Turkey 5.2% (2015)

Imports:
$7.765 billion (2016 est.) $8.173 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
[see also: Imports country ranks ]

Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Imports - partners:
Croatia 19.3%, Germany 13.9%, Slovenia 13.8%, Italy 10.9%, Austria 5.7%, Hungary 5.2%, Turkey 4.5% (2015)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$4.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.791 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]

Debt - external:
$9.768 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $9.597 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$7.92 billion (2014 est.) $7.721 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$0 (2014)
country comparison to the world: 107
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]

Exchange rates:
konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar - 1.806 (2016 est.) 1.7626 (2015 est.) 1.7626 (2014 est.) 1.4718 (2013 est.) 1.52 (2012 est.)