Economy - overview:
Occupying the northeast corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile valley, where most economic activity takes place. Egypt's economy was highly centralized during the rule of former President Gamal Abdel NASSER but opened up considerably under former Presidents Anwar EL-SADAT and Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK.Cairo from 2004 to 2008 pursued business climate reforms to attract foreign investment and facilitate growth. Poor living conditions and limited job opportunities for the average Egyptian contribute to public discontent, a major factor leading to the January 2011 revolution that ousted MUBARAK. The uncertain political, security, and policy environment since 2011 caused economic growth to slow significantly, hurting tourism, manufacturing, and other sectors and pushing up unemployment.Weak growth and limited foreign exchange earnings have made public finances unsustainable, leaving authorities dependent on expensive borrowing for deficit finance and on Gulf allies to help cover the import bill. In 2015, higher levels of foreign investment contributed to a slight rebound in GDP growth after a particularly depressed post-revolution period.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (official exchange rate): GDP - real growth rate: GDP - per capita (PPP): Gross national saving: GDP - composition, by end use: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: Agriculture - products: Industries: Industrial production growth rate: Labor force: Labor force - by occupation: Unemployment rate: Population below poverty line: Household income or consumption by percentage share: Distribution of family income - Gini index: Budget: Taxes and other revenues: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): Public debt: Fiscal year: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Central bank discount rate: Commercial bank prime lending rate: Stock of narrow money: Stock of broad money: Stock of domestic credit: Market value of publicly traded shares: Current account balance: Exports: Exports - commodities: Exports - partners: Imports: Imports - commodities: Imports - partners: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Debt - external: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: Exchange rates:
$1.105 trillion (2016 est.)
$1.064 trillion (2015 est.)
$1.021 trillion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 23
[see also: GDP country ranks ]
$342.8 billion (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
3.8% (2016 est.)
4.2% (2015 est.)
2.2% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
$12,100 (2016 est.)
$12,000 (2015 est.)
$11,800 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 125
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]
8.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
10.7% of GDP (2015 est.)
13% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 157
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]
household consumption: 84.4%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption: 12%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption country ranks ]
investment in fixed capital: 12.1%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital country ranks ]
investment in inventories: 0.4%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories country ranks ]
exports of goods and services: 12.7%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services country ranks ]
imports of goods and services: -21.6% (2016 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services country ranks ]
agriculture: 11.3%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 35.8%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry country ranks ]
services: 52.9% (2016 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services country ranks ]
cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats
textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures
0.6% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
31.96 million (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
agriculture: 29.2%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 23.5%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 47.3% (2013 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]
13.1% (2016 est.)
12.8% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]
25.2% (2011 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
lowest 10%: 4%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: 26.6% (2008)
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]
30.8 (2008)
32.1 (2005)
country comparison to the world: 116
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]
revenues: $60.09 billion
[see also: Budget revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $92.37 billion (2016 est.)
[see also: Budget expenditures country ranks ]
17.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
-9.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 199
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
92.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
90.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury, treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-govern
country comparison to the world: 18
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]
1 July - 30 June
12.1% (2016 est.)
10.4% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 209
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
9.75% (30 October 2014)
8.75% (5 December 2013)
country comparison to the world: 26
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]
12.5% (31 December 2016 est.)
11.63% (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]
$55.96 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$66.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
$210.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$243.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]
$260.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$297.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
$55.19 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$70.08 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$61.63 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
-$12.18 billion (2015 est.)
-$12.18 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]
$14.73 billion (2016 est.)
$19.03 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
[see also: Exports country ranks ]
crude oil and petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food
Saudi Arabia 9.1%, Italy 7.5%, Turkey 5.8%, UAE 5.1%, US 5.1%, UK 4.4%, India 4.1% (2015)
$50.07 billion (2016 est.)
$57.17 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
[see also: Imports country ranks ]
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels
China 13%, Germany 7.7%, US 5.9%, Turkey 4.5%, Russia 4.4%, Italy 4.4%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2015)
$15.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$15.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]
$50.67 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$44.61 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]
$94.51 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$89.65 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]
$8.042 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$7.362 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]
Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar -
9.71 (2016 est.)
7.7133 (2015 est.)
7.7133 (2014 est.)
7.08 (2013 est.)
6.06 (2012 est.)