Population:
1,738,541
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154
[see also: Population country ranks ]

Nationality:
noun: Gabonese (singular and plural)
adjective: Gabonese

Ethnic groups:
Bantu tribes, including four major tribal groupings (Fang, Bapounou, Nzebi, Obamba); other Africans and Europeans, 154,000, including 10,700 French and 11,000 persons of dual nationality

Languages:
French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi

Religions:
Catholic 41.9%, Protestant 13.7%, other Christian 32.4%, Muslim 6.4%, animist 0.3%, other 0.3%, none/no answer 5% (2012 est.)

Demographic profile:
Gabon’s oil revenues have given it one of the highest per capita income levels in sub-Saharan Africa, but the wealth is not evenly distributed and poverty is widespread. Unemployment is especially prevalent among the large youth population; more than 60% of the population is under the age of 25. With a fertility rate still averaging more than 4 children per woman, the youth population will continue to grow and further strain the mismatch between Gabon’s supply of jobs and the skills of its labor force. Gabon has been a magnet to migrants from neighboring countries since the 1960s because of the discovery of oil, as well as the country’s political stability and timber, mineral, and natural gas resources. Nonetheless, income inequality and high unemployment have created slums in Libreville full of migrant workers from Senegal, Nigeria, Cameroon, Benin, Togo, and elsewhere in West Africa. In 2011, Gabon declared an end to refugee status for 9,500 remaining Congolese nationals to whom it had granted asylum during the Republic of the Congo’s civil war between 1997 and 2003. About 5,400 of these refugees received permits to reside in Gabon.

Age structure:
0-14 years: 41.98% (male 366,875/female 363,031)
[see also: Age structure 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 20.37% (male 177,501/female 176,653)
[see also: Age structure 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 29.59% (male 257,841/female 256,604)
[see also: Age structure 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 4.28% (male 35,895/female 38,533)
[see also: Age structure 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 3.77% (male 28,137/female 37,471) (2016 est.)
[see also: Age structure 65 years and over country ranks ]
population pyramid:
A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.

For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio: 73.1%
[see also: Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio country ranks ]
youth dependency ratio: 64.3%
[see also: Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio country ranks ]
elderly dependency ratio: 8.8%
[see also: Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio country ranks ]
potential support ratio: 11.3% (2015 est.)
[see also: Dependency ratios - potential support ratio country ranks ]

Median age:
total: 18.6 years
[see also: Median age - total country ranks ]
male: 18.4 years
[see also: Median age - male country ranks ]
female: 18.8 years (2016 est.)
[see also: Median age - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 207

Population growth rate:
1.92% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
[see also: Population growth rate country ranks ]

Birth rate:
34.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
[see also: Birth rate country ranks ]

Death rate:
13.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
[see also: Death rate country ranks ]

Net migration rate:
-2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 166
[see also: Net migration rate country ranks ]

Urbanization:
urban population: 87.2% of total population (2015)
[see also: Urbanization - urban population country ranks ]
rate of urbanization: 2.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
[see also: Urbanization - rate of urbanization country ranks ]

Major urban areas - population:
LIBREVILLE (capital) 707,000 (2015)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - at birth country ranks ]
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 65 years and over country ranks ]
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:
20.3
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2012 est.)
[see also: Mother's mean age at first birth country ranks ]

Maternal mortality rate:
291 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
[see also: Maternal mortality rate country ranks ]

Infant mortality rate:
total: 45.1 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - total country ranks ]
male: 52 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - male country ranks ]
female: 38 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
[see also: Infant mortality rate - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 43

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 52.1 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - total country ranks ]
male: 51.6 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - male country ranks ]
female: 52.5 years (2016 est.)
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 220

Total fertility rate:
4.43 children born/woman (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
[see also: Total fertility rate country ranks ]

Contraceptive prevalence rate:
31.1% (2012)
[see also: Contraceptive prevalence rate country ranks ]

Health expenditures:
3.4% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 173
[see also: Health expenditures country ranks ]

Hospital bed density:
6.3 beds/1,000 population (2010)
[see also: Hospital bed density country ranks ]

Drinking water source:
improved: urban: 97.2% of population rural: 66.7% of population total: 93.2% of population
[see also: Drinking water source - Improved - total country ranks ]
unimproved: urban: 2.8% of population rural: 33.3% of population total: 6.8% of population (2015 est.)
[see also: Drinking water source - Unimproved - total country ranks ]

Sanitation facility access:
improved: urban: 43.4% of population rural: 31.5% of population total: 41.9% of population
[see also: Sanitation facility access - Total Improved country ranks ]
unimproved: urban: 56.6% of population rural: 68.5% of population total: 58.1% of population (2015 est.)
[see also: Sanitation facility access - Total UnImproved country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
3.76% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
[see also: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
46,700 (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
[see also: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
1,300 (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
[see also: HIV/AIDS - deaths country ranks ]

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria and dengue fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies (2016)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
15.8% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 124
[see also: Obesity - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
6.5% (2012)
country comparison to the world: 79
[see also: Children under the age of 5 years underweight country ranks ]

Education expenditures:
2.7% of GDP (2014)
[see also: Education expenditures - percent of GDP country ranks ]

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 83.2%
[see also: Literacy - total country ranks ]
male: 85.3%
[see also: Literacy - male country ranks ]
female: 81% (2015 est.)
[see also: Literacy - female country ranks ]

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 35.7%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - total country ranks ]
male: 30.6%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - male country ranks ]
female: 41.9% (2010 est.)