Population:
186,053,386
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8
[see also: Population country ranks ]

Nationality:
noun: Nigerian(s)
adjective: Nigerian

Ethnic groups:
Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the most populous and politically influential are: Hausa and the Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%

Languages:
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages

Religions:
Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%

Demographic profile:
Nigeria’s population is projected to grow from more than 186 million people in 2016 to 392 million in 2050, becoming the world’s fourth most populous country. Nigeria’s sustained high population growth rate will continue for the foreseeable future because of population momentum and its high birth rate. Abuja has not successfully implemented family planning programs to reduce and space births because of a lack of political will, government financing, and the availability and affordability of services and products, as well as a cultural preference for large families. Increased educational attainment, especially among women, and improvements in health care are needed to encourage and to better enable parents to opt for smaller families. Nigeria needs to harness the potential of its burgeoning youth population in order to boost economic development, reduce widespread poverty, and channel large numbers of unemployed youth into productive activities and away from ongoing religious and ethnic violence. While most movement of Nigerians is internal, significant emigration regionally and to the West provides an outlet for Nigerians looking for economic opportunities, seeking asylum, and increasingly pursuing higher education. Immigration largely of West Africans continues to be insufficient to offset emigration and the loss of highly skilled workers. Nigeria also is a major source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking.

Age structure:
0-14 years: 42.79% (male 40,744,956/female 38,870,303)
[see also: Age structure 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 19.48% (male 18,514,466/female 17,729,351)
[see also: Age structure 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 30.65% (male 29,259,621/female 27,768,368)
[see also: Age structure 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 3.96% (male 3,595,293/female 3,769,986)
[see also: Age structure 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 3.12% (male 2,754,040/female 3,047,002) (2016 est.)
[see also: Age structure 65 years and over country ranks ]
population pyramid:
A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.

For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio: 87.7%
[see also: Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio country ranks ]
youth dependency ratio: 82.6%
[see also: Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio country ranks ]
elderly dependency ratio: 5.1%
[see also: Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio country ranks ]
potential support ratio: 19.5% (2015 est.)
[see also: Dependency ratios - potential support ratio country ranks ]

Median age:
total: 18.3 years
[see also: Median age - total country ranks ]
male: 18.2 years
[see also: Median age - male country ranks ]
female: 18.4 years (2016 est.)
[see also: Median age - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 212

Population growth rate:
2.44% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
[see also: Population growth rate country ranks ]

Birth rate:
37.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
[see also: Birth rate country ranks ]

Death rate:
12.7 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
[see also: Death rate country ranks ]

Net migration rate:
-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
[see also: Net migration rate country ranks ]

Urbanization:
urban population: 47.8% of total population (2015)
[see also: Urbanization - urban population country ranks ]
rate of urbanization: 4.66% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
[see also: Urbanization - rate of urbanization country ranks ]

Major urban areas - population:
Lagos 13.123 million; Kano 3.587 million; Ibadan 3.16 million; ABUJA (capital) 2.44 million; Port Harcourt 2.343 million; Benin City 1.496 million (2015)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - at birth country ranks ]
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 65 years and over country ranks ]
total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:
20.3
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2013 est.)
[see also: Mother's mean age at first birth country ranks ]

Maternal mortality rate:
814 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
[see also: Maternal mortality rate country ranks ]

Infant mortality rate:
total: 71.2 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - total country ranks ]
male: 76 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - male country ranks ]
female: 66.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
[see also: Infant mortality rate - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 10

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 53.4 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - total country ranks ]
male: 52.4 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - male country ranks ]
female: 54.5 years (2016 est.)
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 214

Total fertility rate:
5.13 children born/woman (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
[see also: Total fertility rate country ranks ]

Contraceptive prevalence rate:
15.1% (2013)
[see also: Contraceptive prevalence rate country ranks ]

Health expenditures:
3.7% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 109
[see also: Health expenditures country ranks ]

Physicians density:
0.41 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
[see also: Physicians density country ranks ]

Drinking water source:
improved: urban: 80.8% of population rural: 57.3% of population total: 68.5% of population
[see also: Drinking water source - Improved - total country ranks ]
unimproved: urban: 19.2% of population rural: 42.7% of population total: 31.5% of population (2015 est.)
[see also: Drinking water source - Unimproved - total country ranks ]

Sanitation facility access:
improved: urban: 32.8% of population rural: 25.4% of population total: 29% of population
[see also: Sanitation facility access - Total Improved country ranks ]
unimproved: urban: 67.2% of population rural: 74.6% of population total: 71% of population (2015 est.)
[see also: Sanitation facility access - Total UnImproved country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
3.17% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
[see also: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
3,391,600 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
[see also: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
174,300 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 1
[see also: HIV/AIDS - deaths country ranks ]

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever
water contact diseases: leptospirosis and schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever
animal contact disease: rabies (2016)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
9.7% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 146
[see also: Obesity - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
19.8% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 12
[see also: Children under the age of 5 years underweight country ranks ]

Education expenditures:
NA
[see also: Education expenditures - percent of GDP country ranks ]

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 59.6%
[see also: Literacy - total country ranks ]
male: 69.2%
[see also: Literacy - male country ranks ]
female: 49.7% (2015 est.)
[see also: Literacy - female country ranks ]

Child labor - children ages 5-14:
total number: 11,396,823
[see also: Child labor - children ages 5-14 - total number country ranks ]
percentage: 29% (2007 est.)
[see also: Child labor - children ages 5-14 - percentage country ranks ]

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 8.1%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - total country ranks ]
male: NA
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - male country ranks ]
female: NA (2014 est.)