Population:
142,355,415 (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
[see also: Population country ranks ]

Nationality:
noun: Russian(s)
adjective: Russian

Ethnic groups:
Russian 77.7%, Tatar 3.7%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Bashkir 1.1%, Chuvash 1%, Chechen 1%, other 10.2%, unspecified 3.9%
note: nearly 200 national and/or ethnic groups are represented in Russia's 2010 census (2010 est.)

Languages:
Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1%
note: data represent native language spoken (2010 est.)

Religions:
Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.)
note: estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of Soviet rule; Russia officially recognizes Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism as traditional religions

Age structure:
0-14 years: 16.94% (male 12,385,281/female 11,726,473)
[see also: Age structure 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 9.71% (male 7,071,489/female 6,754,928)
[see also: Age structure 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 45.16% (male 31,528,258/female 32,753,350)
[see also: Age structure 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 14.27% (male 8,727,233/female 11,591,221)
[see also: Age structure 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 13.92% (male 6,152,252/female 13,664,930) (2016 est.)
[see also: Age structure 65 years and over country ranks ]
population pyramid:
A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.

For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio: 43.1%
[see also: Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio country ranks ]
youth dependency ratio: 24%
[see also: Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio country ranks ]
elderly dependency ratio: 19.1%
[see also: Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio country ranks ]
potential support ratio: 5.2% (2015 est.)
[see also: Dependency ratios - potential support ratio country ranks ]

Median age:
total: 39.3 years
[see also: Median age - total country ranks ]
male: 36.4 years
[see also: Median age - male country ranks ]
female: 42.3 years (2016 est.)
[see also: Median age - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 53

Population growth rate:
-0.06% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 207
[see also: Population growth rate country ranks ]

Birth rate:
11.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174
[see also: Birth rate country ranks ]

Death rate:
13.6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
[see also: Death rate country ranks ]

Net migration rate:
1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
[see also: Net migration rate country ranks ]

Population distribution:
population is heavily concentrated in the westernmost fifth of the country extending from the Baltic Sea, south to the Caspian Sea, and eastward parallel to the Kazakh border; elsewhere, sizeable pockets are isolated and generally found in the south

Urbanization:
urban population: 74% of total population (2015)
[see also: Urbanization - urban population country ranks ]
rate of urbanization: -0.13% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
[see also: Urbanization - rate of urbanization country ranks ]

Major urban areas - population:
MOSCOW (capital) 12.166 million; Saint Petersburg 4.993 million; Novosibirsk 1.497 million; Yekaterinburg 1.379 million; Nizhniy Novgorod 1.212 million; Samara 1.164 million (2015)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - at birth country ranks ]
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 0.75 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 0.45 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 65 years and over country ranks ]
total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth:
24.6 (2009 est.)
[see also: Mother's mean age at first birth country ranks ]

Maternal mortality rate:
25 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119
[see also: Maternal mortality rate country ranks ]

Infant mortality rate:
total: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - total country ranks ]
male: 7.7 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - male country ranks ]
female: 6 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
[see also: Infant mortality rate - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 161

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 70.8 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - total country ranks ]
male: 65 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - male country ranks ]
female: 76.8 years (2016 est.)
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 153

Total fertility rate:
1.61 children born/woman (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179
[see also: Total fertility rate country ranks ]

Contraceptive prevalence rate:
68%
note: percent of women aged 15-44 (2011)
[see also: Contraceptive prevalence rate country ranks ]

Health expenditures:
7.1% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 106
[see also: Health expenditures country ranks ]

Physicians density:
4.31 physicians/1,000 population (2006)
[see also: Physicians density country ranks ]

Hospital bed density:
9.7 beds/1,000 population (2006)
[see also: Hospital bed density country ranks ]

Drinking water source:
improved: urban: 98.9% of population rural: 91.2% of population total: 96.9% of population
[see also: Drinking water source - Improved - total country ranks ]
unimproved: urban: 1.1% of population rural: 8.8% of population total: 3.1% of population (2015 est.)
[see also: Drinking water source - Unimproved - total country ranks ]

Sanitation facility access:
improved: urban: 77% of population rural: 58.7% of population total: 72.2% of population
[see also: Sanitation facility access - Total Improved country ranks ]
unimproved: urban: 23% of population rural: 41.3% of population total: 27.8% of population (2015 est.)
[see also: Sanitation facility access - Total UnImproved country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
NA
[see also: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
NA
[see also: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
NA
[see also: HIV/AIDS - deaths country ranks ]

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitis (2016)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
26.2% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 46
[see also: Obesity - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

Education expenditures:
3.9% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 110
[see also: Education expenditures - percent of GDP country ranks ]

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.7%
[see also: Literacy - total country ranks ]
male: 99.7%
[see also: Literacy - male country ranks ]
female: 99.6% (2015 est.)
[see also: Literacy - female country ranks ]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 15 years
[see also: School life expectancy - total country ranks ]
male: 15 years
[see also: School life expectancy - male country ranks ]
female: 15 years (2014)
[see also: School life expectancy - female country ranks ]

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 13.7%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - total country ranks ]
male: 13.3%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - male country ranks ]
female: 14.1% (2014 est.)
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 78