Disputes - international:
Italy's long coastline and developed economy entices tens of thousands of illegal immigrants from southeastern Europe and northern Africa
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin):
17,171 (Afghanistan), 18,026 (Nigeria), 15,966 (Pakistan), 15,641 (Somalia), 13,206 (Mali), 10,273 (Gambia), 7,940 (Eritrea), 6,412 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2017), 6,197 (Senegal), 12,535 (Ukraine) (2018) note - estimate represents asylum applicants since the beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2014 to September 2017
stateless persons:
715 (2017)
note: 478,172 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-January 2019); hosts an estimated 155,619 migrants and asylum seekers as of the end of September 2018; 23,370 arrivals in 2018
Illicit drugs:
important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling
