Economy - overview:
International business, which consists primarily of insurance and other financial services, is the real bedrock of Bermuda's economy, consistently accounting for about 85% of the island's GDP. Tourism is the country’s second largest industry, accounting for about 5% of Bermuda's GDP but a much larger share of employment. Over 80% of visitors come from the US and the sector struggled in the wake of the global recession of 2008-09. Even the financial sector has lost roughly 5,000 high-paying expatriate jobs since 2008, weighing heavily on household consumption and retail sales. Bermuda must import almost everything. Agriculture and industry are limited due to the small size of the island.

Bermuda's economy returned to negative growth in 2016, reporting a contraction of 0.1% GDP, after growing by 0.6% in 2015. Unemployment reached 7% in 2016 and 2017, public debt is growing and exceeds $2.4 billion, and the government continues to work on attracting foreign investment. Still, Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$6.127 billion (2016 est.)
$6.133 billion (2015 est.)
$6.097 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 172
[see also: GDP country ranks ]

GDP (official exchange rate):
$6.127 billion (2016 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]

GDP - real growth rate:
-0.1% (2016 est.)
0.6% (2015 est.)
-0.3% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 198
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$99,400 (2016 est.)
$95,500 (2015 est.)
$87,500 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 6
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption: 51.3% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption: 15.7% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption country ranks ]
investment in fixed capital: 13.7% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital country ranks ]
investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories country ranks ]
exports of goods and services: 49.8% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services country ranks ]
imports of goods and services: -30.4% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 0.9% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 5.3% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry country ranks ]
services: 93.8% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services country ranks ]

Agriculture - products:
bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey

Industries:
international business, tourism, light manufacturing

Industrial production growth rate:
2% (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 129
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]

Labor force:
33,480 (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 202
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]

Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 2%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 13%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 85% (2016 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]

Unemployment rate:
7% (2017 est.)
7% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 106
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]

Population below poverty line:
11% (2008 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: NA
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]

Budget:
revenues: 999.2 million (2017 est.)
[see also: Budget - revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: 1.176 billion (2017 est.)
[see also: Budget - expenditures country ranks ]

Taxes and other revenues:
16.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 183
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 127
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]

Public debt:
43% of GDP (FY14/15)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 117
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]

Fiscal year:
1 April - 31 March

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
1.9% (2017 est.)
1.4% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 96
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]

Stock of narrow money:
$3.374 billion (30 September 2014 est.)
$3.422 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
note: figures do not include US dollars, which also circulate freely
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 118
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]

Stock of broad money:
$22.1 billion (30 September 2014 est.)
$25.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 67
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]

Stock of domestic credit:
NA
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]

Market value of publicly traded shares:
$1.85 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.601 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$1.467 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 100
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]

Current account balance:
$818.6 million (2017 est.)
$763 million (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 53
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]

Exports:
$19 million (2017 est.)
$19 million (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 210
[see also: Exports country ranks ]

Exports - partners:
Jamaica 49.1%, Luxembourg 36.1%, US 4.9% (2017)

Exports - commodities:
reexports of pharmaceuticals

Imports:
$1.094 billion (2017 est.)
$980 million (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 184
[see also: Imports country ranks ]

Imports - commodities:
clothing, fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals

Imports - partners:
US 72.1%, South Korea 9.7%, Canada 4.2% (2017)

Debt - external:
$2.515 billion (2017 est.)
$2.435 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 150
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$2.641 billion (2014 est.)
$2.664 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 116
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$889 million (2014 est.)
$835 million (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 90
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]

Exchange rates:
Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar -
1 (2017 est.)
1 (2016 est.)
1 (2015 est.)
1 (2014 est.)
1 (2013 est.)