Economy - overview:
The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Successful efforts at economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP from the oil and gas sector to 30%.

Since the discovery of oil in the UAE nearly 60 years ago, the country has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. The country's free trade zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors.

The global financial crisis of 2008-09, tight international credit, and deflated asset prices constricted the economy in 2009. UAE authorities tried to blunt the crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking sector. The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash to meet its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency and ultimately a $20 billion bailout from the UAE Central Bank and Abu Dhabi Government that was refinanced in March 2014.

The UAE’s dependence on oil is a significant long-term challenge, although the UAE is one of the most diversified countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Low oil prices have prompted the UAE to cut expenditures, including on some social programs, but the UAE has sufficient assets in its sovereign investment funds to cover its deficits. The government reduced fuel subsidies in August 2015, and introduced excise taxes (50% on sweetened carbonated beverages and 100% on energy drinks and tobacco) in October 2017. A five-percent value-added tax was introduced in January 2018. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years focuses on economic diversification, promoting the UAE as a global trade and tourism hub, developing industry, and creating more job opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private sector employment.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$696 billion (2017 est.)
$690.5 billion (2016 est.)
$670.5 billion (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 32
[see also: GDP country ranks ]

GDP (official exchange rate):
$382.6 billion (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]

GDP - real growth rate:
0.8% (2017 est.)
3% (2016 est.)
5.1% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 188
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$68,600 (2017 est.)
$70,100 (2016 est.)
$70,000 (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 13
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]

Gross national saving:
28.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
30.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
30.7% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 39
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption: 34.9% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption: 12.3% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption country ranks ]
investment in fixed capital: 23% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital country ranks ]
investment in inventories: 1.8% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories country ranks ]
exports of goods and services: 100.4% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services country ranks ]
imports of goods and services: -72.4% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 0.9% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 49.8% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry country ranks ]
services: 49.2% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services country ranks ]

Agriculture - products:
dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish

Industries:
petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, commercial ship repair, construction materials, handicrafts, textiles

Industrial production growth rate:
1.8% (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 138
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]

Labor force:
5.344 million (2017 est.)
note: expatriates account for about 85% of the workforce
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 78
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]

Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 7%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 15%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 78% (2000 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]

Unemployment rate:
1.6% (2016 est.)
3.6% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 14
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]

Population below poverty line:
19.5% (2003 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: NA
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]

Budget:
revenues: 110.2 billion (2017 est.)
[see also: Budget - revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: 111.1 billion (2017 est.)
note: the UAE federal budget does not account for emirate-level spending in Abu Dhabi and Dubai

Taxes and other revenues:
28.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 90
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-0.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 51
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]

Public debt:
19.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
20.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 190
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]

Fiscal year:
calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2% (2017 est.)
1.6% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 108
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]

Central bank discount rate:
NA
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
6% (31 December 2017 est.)
5.7% (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 126
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]

Stock of narrow money:
$134 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$129.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 32
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]

Stock of broad money:
$134 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$129.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 32
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]

Stock of domestic credit:
$395.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$396 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 31
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]

Market value of publicly traded shares:
$195.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$201.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$180.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 33
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]

Current account balance:
$26.47 billion (2017 est.)
$13.23 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 13
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]

Exports:
$308.5 billion (2017 est.)
$298.6 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 18
[see also: Exports country ranks ]

Exports - partners:
India 10.1%, Iran 9.9%, Japan 9.3%, China 5.4%, Oman 5%, Switzerland 4.4%, South Korea 4.1% (2017)

Exports - commodities:
crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates (2012 est.)

Imports:
$229.2 billion (2017 est.)
$226.5 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 21
[see also: Imports country ranks ]

Imports - commodities:
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food

Imports - partners:
China 8.5%, US 6.8%, India 6.6% (2017)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$95.37 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$85.39 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 27
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]

Debt - external:
$237.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$218.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 32
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$129.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$134.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 41
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$124.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$114.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): 32
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]

Exchange rates:
Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar -
3.673 (2017 est.)
3.673 (2016 est.)
3.673 (2015 est.)
3.673 (2014 est.)
3.673 (2013 est.)