India People - 2021

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 

Population

1,339,330,514 (July 2021 est.)

Nationality

noun: Indian(s)

adjective: Indian

Ethnic groups

Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)

Languages

Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; note - English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; there are 22 other officially recognized languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2011 est.)

printed major-language sample:
विश्व फेसबुक, आधारभूत जानकारी का एक अपरिहार्य स्रोत (Hindi)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions

Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 26.31% (male 185,017,089/female 163,844,572)

15-24 years: 17.51% (male 123,423,531/female 108,739,780)

25-54 years: 41.56% (male 285,275,667/female 265,842,319)

55-64 years: 7.91% (male 52,444,817/female 52,447,038)

65 years and over: 6.72% (male 42,054,459/female 47,003,975) (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 48.7

youth dependency ratio: 38.9

elderly dependency ratio: 9.8

potential support ratio: 10.2 (2020 est.)

Median age

total: 28.7 years

male: 28 years

female: 29.5 years (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

1.04% (2021 est.)

Birth rate

17.53 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Death rate

7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Net migration rate

-0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Population distribution

with the notable exception of the deserts in the northwest, including the Thar Desert, and the mountain fringe in the north, a very high population density exists throughout most of the country; the core of the population is in the north along the banks of the Ganges, with other river valleys and southern coastal areas also having large population concentrations

Urbanization

urban population: 35.4% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: 2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030

Major urban areas - population

31.181 million NEW DELHI (capital), 20.668 million Mumbai, 14.974 million Kolkata, 12.765 million Bangalore, 11.235 million Chennai, 10.269 million Hyderabad (2021)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.13 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.14 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female

total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Maternal mortality rate

145 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 39.55 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 39.47 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 39.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 70.03 years

male: 68.71 years

female: 71.49 years (2021 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.28 children born/woman (2021 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

53.5% (2015/16)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 96% of population

rural: 91% of population

total: 92.7% of population

unimproved: urban: 4% of population

rural: 9% of population

total: 7.2% of population (2017 est.)

Current Health Expenditure

3.5% (2018)

Physicians density

0.86 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Hospital bed density

0.5 beds/1,000 population (2017)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 93.7% of population

rural: 61.1% of population

total: 72% of population

unimproved: urban: 6.3% of population

rural: 38.9% of population

total: 28% of population (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.2% (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

2.3 million (2020 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

69,000 (2017 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria

water contact diseases: leptospirosis

animal contact diseases: rabies

note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 20 July 2021, India has reported a total of 31,174,322 cases of COVID-19 or 2,259 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 30.03 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 19 July 2021, 23.65% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine; effective 4 May 2021, the US has banned most travel from India to the US

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

3.9% (2016)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

33.4% (2016/18)

Education expenditures

3.8% of GDP (2013)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 74.4%

male: 82.4%

female: 65.8% (2018)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 12 years

male: 11 years

female: 12 years (2019)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 22.3%

male: 21.9%

female: 23.8% (2019 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

21 years (2015/16)

note: median age a first birth among women 25-49

NOTE: The information regarding India on this page is re-published from the 2021 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of India 2021 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about India 2021 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.