deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; loss of pasture land; inadequate supplies of potable water
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban
particulate matter emissions: 31.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)
carbon dioxide emissions: 3.18 megatons (2016 est.)
methane emissions: 19.16 megatons (2020 est.)
municipal: 107 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
industrial: 4 million cubic meters (2017 est.)
agricultural: 5.075 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
120 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)
agricultural land: 34.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 5.6% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 28.4% (2018 est.)
forest: 10.2% (2018 est.)
other: 55.7% (2018 est.)
forest revenues: 2.02% of GDP (2018 est.)
coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
urban population: 44.7% of total population (2021)
rate of urbanization: 4.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
degree of risk: very high (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
water contact diseases: schistosomiasis
animal contact diseases: rabies
respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis
severe localized food insecurity:
due to civil insecurity - according to the latest analysis, about 1.37 million people are estimated to be in a food “Crisis” in the June−August 2021 period as a result of the escalation of the conflict that continues to cause population displacements, combined with the impacts of the pandemic and weather shocks
(2021)municipal solid waste generated annually: 1,937,354 tons (2012 est.)
NOTE: The information regarding Mali on this page is re-published from the 2021 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Mali 2021 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Mali 2021 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.
This page was last modified 16 Dec 23, Copyright © 2023 ITA all rights reserved.