Indonesia People - 2022
SOURCE: 2022 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK
Population
277,329,163 (2022 est.)
Nationality
noun: Indonesian(s)
adjective: Indonesian
Ethnic groups
Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.)
Languages
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia
major-language sample(s):
Fakta Dunia, sumber informasi dasar yang sangat diperlukan. (Indonesian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Muslim 87.2%, Protestant 7%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist and Confucian), unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)
Demographic profile
Indonesia has the world’s fourth-largest population. It is predominantly Muslim and has the largest Muslim population of any country in the world. The population is projected to increase to as much as 320 million by 2045. A government-supported family planning program. The total fertility rate (TFR) – the average number of births per woman – from 5.6 in the mid-1960s to 2.7 in the mid-1990s. The success of the program was also due to the social acceptance of family planning, which received backing from influential Muslim leaders and organizations.
The fertility decline slowed in the late 1990’s when responsibility for family planning programs shifted to the district level, where the programs were not prioritized. Since 2012 the national government revitalized the national family planning program, and Indonesia’s TFR has slowly decreased to 2.3 in 2020. The government may reach its goal of achieving replacement level fertility – 2.1 children per woman – but the large number of women of childbearing age ensures significant population growth for many years.
Indonesia is a source country for labor migrants, a transit country for asylum seekers, and a destination mainly for highly skilled migrant workers. International labor migration, both legal and illegal, from Indonesia to other parts of Asia (most commonly Malaysia) and the Middle East has taken place for decades because of high unemployment and underemployment, poverty, and low wages domestically. Increasing numbers of migrant workers are drawn to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the US. The majority of Indonesian labor migration is temporary and consists predominantly of low-skilled workers, mainly women working as domestics.
Indonesia’s strategic location between Asia and Australia and between the Pacific and Indian Oceans – and its relatively easy accessibility via boat – appeal to asylum seekers. It is also an attractive transit location because of its easy entry requirements and the ability to continue on to Australia. Recent asylum seekers have come from Afghanistan, Burma (Rohingyas), Iraq, Somalia, and Sri Lanka. Since 2013, when Australia tightening its immigration policy, thousands of migrants and asylum seekers have been stranded in Indonesia, where they live in precarious conditions and receive only limited support from international organizations. The situation for refugees in Indonesia has also worsened because Australia and the US, which had resettled the majority of refugees in Indonesia, have significantly lowered their intake.
Age structure
0-14 years: 23.87% (male 32,473,246/female 31,264,034)
15-24 years: 16.76% (male 22,786,920/female 21,960,130)
25-54 years: 42.56% (male 58,249,570/female 55,409,579)
55-64 years: 8.99% (male 11,033,838/female 12,968,005)
65 years and over: 7.82% (male 9,099,773/female 11,781,271) (2020 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 47.6
youth dependency ratio: 37.6
elderly dependency ratio: 10
potential support ratio: 10 (2021 est.)
Median age
total: 31.1 years
male: 30.5 years
female: 31.8 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate
0.79% (2022 est.)
Birth rate
15.32 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate
6.75 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution
major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands (those surrounding Java and Bali), Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda, and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated
Urbanization
urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
11.075 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.622 million Bekasi, 3.005 million Surabaya, 2.942 million Depok, 2.638 million Bandung, 2.456 million Tangerang (2022)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
22.4 years (2017 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Maternal mortality ratio
177 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 19.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 73.08 years
male: 70.86 years
female: 75.4 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.01 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
55.5% (2018)
Drinking water source
improved: urban: 98.2% of population
rural: 86.8% of population
total: 93.3% of population
unimproved: urban: 1.8% of population
rural: 13.2% of population
total: 6.7% of population (2020 est.)
Current health expenditure
2.9% of GDP (2019)
Physicians density
0.62 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
Hospital bed density
1 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: 97.2% of population
rural: 86.5% of population
total: 92.5% of population
unimproved: urban: 2.8% of population
rural: 13.5% of population
total: 7.5% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.3% (2021 est.)
Major infectious diseases
degree of risk: very high (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
note: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Indonesia; as of 9 December 2022, Indonesia has reported a total of 6,695,010 cases of COVID-19 or 2,447.69 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 160,175 cumulative deaths or a rate 58.56 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 30 November 2022, 73.94% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
6.9% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 37.6% (2020 est.)
male: 71.4% (2020 est.)
female: 3.7% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
17.7% (2018)
Child marriage
women married by age 15: 2%
women married by age 18: 16.3% (2017 est.)
Education expenditures
3.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96%
male: 97.4%
female: 94.6% (2020)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2018)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 13.9%
male: 14.7%
female: 12.6% (2021 est.)
People - note
Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the World after China, India, and the United States; more than half of the Indonesian population - roughly 150 million people or 55% - live on the island of Java (about the size of California) making it the most crowded island on earth
NOTE: The information regarding Indonesia on this page is re-published from the 2022 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Indonesia 2022 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Indonesia 2022 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.
This page was last modified 01 Dec 23, Copyright © 23 ITA all rights reserved.