Kazakhstan People - 2022
SOURCE: 2022 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK
Population
19,398,331 (2022 est.)
Nationality
noun: Kazakhstani(s)
adjective: Kazakhstani
Ethnic groups
Kazakh (Qazaq) 68%, Russian 19.3%, Uzbek 3.2%, Ukrainian 1.5%, Uighur 1.5%, Tatar 1.1%, German 1%, other 4.4% (2019 est.)
Languages
Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 83.1% (understand spoken language) and trilingual (Kazakh, Russian, English) 22.3% (2017 est.); Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 94.4% (understand spoken language) (2009 est.)
major-language sample(s):
Әлемдік деректер кітабы, негізгі ақпараттың таптырмайтын көзі. (Kazakh)
Книга фактов о мире – незаменимый источник базовой информации. (Russian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Russian audio sample:
Religions
Muslim 70.2%, Christian 26.2% (mainly Russian Orthodox), other 0.2%, atheist 2.8%, unspecified 0.5% (2009 est.)
Demographic profile
Nearly 40% of Kazakhstan’s population is under the age of 25. Like many former Soviet states, Kazakhstan’s total fertility rate (TFR) – the average number of births per woman – decreased after independence amidst economic problems and fell below replacement level, 2.1. However, in the late 2000s, as the economy improved and incomes rose, Kazakhstan experienced a small baby boom and TFR reached 2.5. TFR has since fallen and is now just over 2.1. Mortality rates are also decreasing and life expectancy is rising, signs that Kazakhstan’s demographic transition is progressing.
Kazakhstan has a diverse population consisting of Asian ethnic groups (predominantly Kazakhs, as well as Uzbeks, Uighurs, and Tatars) and ethnic Europeans (mainly Russians but also Ukrainians and Germans). Approximately two thirds of Kazakhstan’s population today is Kazakh. During the mid-20th century, as Kazakhstan industrialized, waves of ethnic Russians and deportees from other parts of the Soviet Union arrived. Eventually, the ethnic Russian population outnumbered the Kazakhs. In the 1990s, following Kazakhstan’s independence, Russian and other ethnic Europeans began emigrating, while some ethnic Kazakhs (referred to as Oralmans) returned to their homeland from neighboring countries, China, and Mongolia. As a result, the country’s ethnic make-up changed, and a Kazakh majority was reestablished.
In recent years, Kazakhstan has shifted from being mainly a migrant-sending country to a migrant-receiving country. Due to its oil-driven economic boom, Kazakhstan has become a more popular destination. The country needs highly skilled workers in the industrial, business, and education sectors and low-skilled labor in agriculture, markets, services, and construction. Kazakhstan is increasingly reliant on migrant workers, primarily from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, to fill its labor shortage. At the same time, highly skilled Kazakhs continue to emigrate, mostly to Russia, seeking higher salaries or further education.
Age structure
0-14 years: 26.13% (male 2,438,148/female 2,550,535)
15-24 years: 12.97% (male 1,262,766/female 1,212,645)
25-54 years: 42.23% (male 3,960,188/female 4,102,845)
55-64 years: 10.25% (male 856,180/female 1,099,923)
65 years and over: 8.43% (male 567,269/female 1,041,450) (2020 est.)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 60
youth dependency ratio: 47.2
elderly dependency ratio: 12.7
potential support ratio: 7.9 (2021 est.)
Median age
total: 31.6 years
male: 30.3 years
female: 32.8 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate
0.77% (2022 est.)
Birth rate
15.38 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate
8.11 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net migration rate
0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population distribution
most of the country displays a low population density, particularly the interior; population clusters appear in urban agglomerations in the far northern and southern portions of the country
Urbanization
urban population: 58.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
1.958 million Almaty, 1.254 million NUR-SULTAN (capital), 1.126 million Shimkent (2022)
Sex ratio
at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.78 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.35 male(s)/female
total population: 0.9 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
28.9 years (2019 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
10 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 19.18 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.73 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 72.53 years
male: 67.43 years
female: 77.31 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.11 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
53% (2018)
note: percent of women aged 18-49
Drinking water source
improved: urban: 100% of population
rural: 93.8% of population
total: 97.4% of population
unimproved: urban: 0% of population
rural: 6.2% of population
total: 2.6% of population (2020 est.)
Current health expenditure
2.8% of GDP (2019)
Physicians density
3.98 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
Hospital bed density
6.1 beds/1,000 population (2014)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: 99.9% of population
rural: 99.9% of population
total: 99.9% of population
unimproved: urban: 0.1% of population
rural: 0.1% of population
total: 0.1% of population (2020 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
0.3% (2021 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
21% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 3.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 2.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 23.2% (2020 est.)
male: 39.6% (2020 est.)
female: 6.7% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
2% (2015)
Education expenditures
4.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.8%
male: 99.8%
female: 99.7% (2018)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2020)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 3.8%
male: 3.4%
female: 4.2% (2020 est.)
NOTE: The information regarding Kazakhstan on this page is re-published from the 2022 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Kazakhstan 2022 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Kazakhstan 2022 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.
This page was last modified 01 Dec 23, Copyright © 23 ITA all rights reserved.