desertification; depletion of underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills; air pollution; waste management
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
particulate matter emissions: 78.38 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)
carbon dioxide emissions: 563.45 megatons (2016 est.)
methane emissions: 45.47 megatons (2020 est.)
harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes
agricultural land: 80.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 1.5% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 79.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 0.5% (2018 est.)
other: 18.8% (2018 est.)
urban population: 84.7% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 1.69% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
forest revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
municipal solid waste generated annually: 16,125,701 tons (2015 est.)
municipal solid waste recycled annually: 2,418,855 tons (2015 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 15% (2015 est.)
Indian Ocean drainage: (Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)
Arabian Aquifer System
municipal: 3.15 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
industrial: 1 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
agricultural: 19.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
2.4 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
NOTE: The information regarding Saudi Arabia on this page is re-published from the 2022 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Saudi Arabia 2022 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Saudi Arabia 2022 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.
This page was last modified 01 Dec 23, Copyright © 23 ITA all rights reserved.