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Nicaragua Geography 1996

Location:

Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras

Map references:

Central America and the Caribbean

Area:

total area:

129,494 sq km

land area:

120,254 sq km

comparative area:

slightly larger than New York State

Land boundaries:

total 1,231 km, Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km

Coastline:

910 km

Maritime claims:

contiguous zone:

25-nm security zone

continental shelf:

natural prolongation

territorial sea:

200 nm

International disputes:

territorial disputes with Colombia over the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank; with respect to the maritime boundary question in the Golfo de Fonseca, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) referred the disputants to an earlier agreement in this century and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required

Climate:

tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands

Terrain:

extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes

Natural resources:

gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

43%

forest and woodland:

35%

other:

12%

Irrigated land:

850 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution

natural hazards:

destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and occasionally severe hurricanes

international agreements:

party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea

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