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Madagascar Geography 1996

Location:

Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique

Map references:

Africa

Area:

total area:

587,040 sq km

land area:

581,540 sq km

comparative area:

slightly less than twice the size of Arizona

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

4,828 km

Maritime claims:

contiguous zone:

24 nm

continental shelf:

200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m isobath

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island (all administered by France)

Climate:

tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south

Terrain:

narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center

Natural resources:

graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

58%

forest and woodland:

26%

other:

11%

Irrigated land:

9,000 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered

natural hazards:

periodic cyclones

international agreements:

party to - Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea

Note:

world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel

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