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===========

Poland Geography 1996

Location:

Central Europe, east of Germany

Map references:

Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe

Area:

total area:

312,680 sq km

land area:

304,510 sq km

comparative area:

slightly smaller than New Mexico

Land boundaries:

total 3,114 km, Belarus 605 km, Czech Republic 658 km, Germany 456 km, Lithuania 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 432 km, Slovakia 444 km, Ukraine 428 km

Coastline:

491 km

Maritime claims:

exclusive economic zone:

defined by international treaties

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers

Terrain:

mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border

Natural resources:

coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt

Land use:

arable land:

46%

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

13%

forest and woodland:

28%

other:

12%

Irrigated land:

1,000 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

forest damage due to air pollution and resulting acid rain; improper means for disposal of large amounts of hazardous and industrial waste; severe water pollution from industrial and municipal sources; severe air pollution results from emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-fired power plants, which also drifts into Germany and the Netherlands

natural hazards:

international agreements:

party to - Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Law of the Sea

Note:

historically, an area of conflict because of flat terrain and the lack of natural barriers on the North European Plain

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