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Poland Government 1996

    • Names:

        conventional long form:
        Republic of Poland

        conventional short form:
        Poland

        local long form:
        Rzeczpospolita Polska

        local short form:
        Polska

    • Digraph:
      PL

    • Type:
      democratic state

    • Capital:
      Warsaw

    • Administrative divisions:
      49 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Biala Podlaska, Bialystok, Bielsko Biala, Bydgoszcz, Chelm, Ciechanow, Czestochowa, Elblag, Gdansk, Gorzow, Jelenia Gora, Kalisz, Katowice, Kielce, Konin, Koszalin, Krakow, Krosno, Legnica, Leszno, Lodz, Lomza, Lublin, Nowy Sacz, Olsztyn, Opole, Ostroleka, Pila, Piotrkow, Plock, Poznan, Przemysl, Radom, Rzeszow, Siedlce, Sieradz, Skierniewice, Slupsk, Suwalki, Szczecin, Tarnobrzeg, Tarnow, Torun, Walbrzych, Warszawa, Wloclawek, Wroclaw, Zamosc, Zielona Gora

    • Independence:
      11 November 1918 (independent republic proclaimed)

    • National holiday:
      Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)

    • Constitution:
      interim "small constitution" came into effect in December 1992 replacing the Communist-imposed constitution of 22 July 1952; new democratic constitution being drafted

    • Legal system:
      mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and holdover Communist legal theory; changes being gradually introduced as part of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

    • Suffrage:
      18 years of age; universal

    • Executive branch:

        chief of state:
        President Lech WALESA (since 22 December 1990); election first round held 25 November 1990, second round held 9 December 1990 (next to be held NA November 1995); results - second round Lech WALESA 74.7%, Stanislaw TYMINSKI 25.3%

        head of government:
        Prime Minister Jozef OLEKSY (since 6 March 1995); Deputy Prime Ministers Roman JAGIELINSKI, Grzegorz KOLODKO, and Aleksander LUCZAK (since NA)

        cabinet:
        Council of Ministers; responsible to the president and the Sejm

    • Legislative branch:
      bicameral National Assembly (Zgromadzenie Narodowe)

        Senate (Senat):
        elections last held 19 September 1993 (next to be held no later than NA October 1997); seats - (100 total) Communist origin or linked (PSL 34, SLD 37), post-Solidarity parties (UW 6, NSZZ 12, BBWR 2), non-Communist, non-Solidarity (independents 7, unaffiliated 1, vacant 1)

        Diet (Sejm):
        elections last held 19 September 1993 (next to be held no later than NA October 1997); seats - (460 total) Communist origin or linked (SLD 171, PSL 132), post-Solidarity parties (UW 74, UP 41, BBWR 16), non-Communist, non-Solidarity (KPN 22)

        note:
        4 seats are constitutionally assigned to ethnic German parties

    • Judicial branch:
      Supreme Court

    • Political parties and leaders:

        post-Solidarity parties:
        Freedom Union (UW; Democratic Union and Liberal Democratic Congress merged to form Freedom Union), Leszek BALCEROWICZ; Christian-National Union (ZCHN), Ryszard CZARNECKI; Centrum (PC), Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI; Peasant Alliance (PL), Gabriel JANOWSKI; Solidarity Trade Union (NSZZ), Marian KRZAKLEWSKI; Union of Labor (UP), Ryszard BUGAJ; Christian-Democratic Party (PCHD), Pawel LACZKOWSKI; Conservative Party, Alexander HALL; Nonparty Bloc for the Support of the Reforms (BBWR)

        non-Communist, non-Solidarity:
        Confederation for an Independent Poland (KPN), Leszek MOCZULSKI; Polish Economic Program (PPG), Janusz REWINSKI; Christian Democrats (CHD), Andrzej OWSINSKI; German Minority (MN), Henryk KROL; Union of Real Politics (UPR), Janusz KORWIN-MIKKE; Democratic Party (SD), Antoni MACKIEWICZ

        Communist origin:
        Polish Peasant Party (PSL), Waldemar PAWLAK; Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI

    • Other political or pressure groups:
      powerful Roman Catholic Church; Solidarity (trade union); All Poland Trade Union Alliance (OPZZ), populist program

    • Member of:
      Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NACC, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNOMIG, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

    • Diplomatic representation in US:

        chief of mission:
        Ambassador Jerzy KOZMINSKI

        chancery:
        2640 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

        telephone:
        [1] (202) 234-3800 through 3802

        FAX:
        [1] (202) 328-6271

        consulate(s) general:
        Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York

    • US diplomatic representation:

        chief of mission:
        Ambassador Nicholas Andrew REY

        embassy:
        Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31, Warsaw

        mailing address:
        American Embassy Warsaw, Box 5010, Unit 1340, APO AE 09213-1340

        telephone:
        [48] (2) 628-30-41

        FAX:
        [48] (2) 628-82-98

        consulate(s) general:
        Krakow, Poznan

    • Flag:
      two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; similar to the flags of Indonesia and Monaco which are red (top) and white






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