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Tonga Geography 1996

Location:

Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand

Map references:

Oceania

Area:

total area:

748 sq km

land area:

718 sq km

comparative area:

slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

419 km

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)

Terrain:

most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base

Natural resources:

fish, fertile soil

Land use:

arable land:

25%

permanent crops:

55%

meadows and pastures:

forest and woodland:

12%

other:

Irrigated land:

NA sq km

Environment:

current issues:

deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations

natural hazards:

cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou

international agreements:

party to - Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban

Note:

archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited)

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