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Tunisia Economy 1996

Overview:

Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Detailed governmental control of economic affairs has gradually lessened over the past decade, including increasing privatization of trade and commerce, simplification of the tax structure, and a cautious approach to debt. Real growth has averaged roughly 5% in 1991-94, and inflation has been moderate. Growth in tourism and IMF support have been key elements in this solid record. Further privatization and further improvements in government administrative efficiency are among the challenges for the future.

National product:

GDP - purchasing power parity - $37.1 billion (1994 est.)

National product real growth rate:

4.4% (1994 est.)

National product per capita:

$4,250 (1994 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

4.5% (1993 est.)

Unemployment rate:

16.2% (1993 est.)

Budget:

revenues:

$4.3 billion

expenditures:

$5.5 billion, including capital expenditures to $NA (1993 est.)

Exports:

$4.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)

commodities:

hydrocarbons, agricultural products, phosphates and chemicals

partners:

EC countries 75%, Middle East 10%, Algeria 2%, India 2%, US 1%

Imports:

$6.5 billion (c.i.f., 1993)

commodities:

industrial goods and equipment 57%, hydrocarbons 13%, food 12%, consumer goods

partners:

EC countries 70%, US 5%, Middle East 2%, Japan 2%, Switzerland 1%, Algeria 1%

External debt:

$7.7 billion (1993 est.)

Industrial production:

growth rate 5% (1989); accounts for 22% of GDP, including petroleum

Electricity:

capacity:

1,410,000 kW

production:

5.4 billion kWh

consumption per capita:

595 kWh (1993)

Industries:

petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, food, beverages

Agriculture:

accounts for 16% of GDP and one-third of labor force; output subject to severe fluctuations because of frequent droughts; export crops - olives, dates, oranges, almonds; other products - grain, sugar beets, wine grapes, poultry, beef, dairy; not self-sufficient in food

Economic aid:

recipient:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $730 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89) $52 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $684 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $410 million

Currency:

1 Tunisian dinar (TD) = 1,000 millimes

Exchange rates:

Tunisian dinars (TD) per US$1 - 0.9849 (January 1995), 1.0116 (1994), 1.0037 (1993), 0.8844 (1992), 0.9246 (1991), 0.8783 (1990)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

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