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Turkmenistan Geography 1996

Location:

Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan

Map references:

Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States

Area:

total area:

488,100 sq km

land area:

488,100 sq km

comparative area:

slightly larger than California

Land boundaries:

total 3,736 km, Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km

Coastline:

0 km

note:

Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)

Maritime claims:

none; landlocked

International disputes:

Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined

Climate:

subtropical desert

Terrain:

flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west

Natural resources:

petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulphur, salt

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

69%

forest and woodland:

other:

29%

Irrigated land:

12,450 sq km (1990)

Environment:

current issues:

contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salinization, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification

natural hazards:

international agreements:

party to - Ozone Layer Protection

Note:

landlocked

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