Disputes - international:
none
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin):
496,674 (Syria), 130,640 (Iraq), 104,385 (Afghanistan), 49,253 (Eritrea), 38,262 (Iran), 21,120 (Turkey), 9,232 (Serbia and Kosovo), 19,508 (Somalia), 6,960 (Russia), 6,572 (Pakistan) (2017), 10,830 (Ukraine) (2018) note - estimate represents asylum applicants from the beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2014 to September 2017
stateless persons:
13,458 (2017)
Illicit drugs:
source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic drugs; major financial center