[see also: Age structure - 65 years and over country ranks ]
population pyramid:
This is the population pyramid for European Union. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.

For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Median age:
total: 43.2 years (2018 est.)
[see also: Median age - total country ranks ]
male: 41.8 years
[see also: Median age - male country ranks ]
female: 44.6 years
[see also: Median age - female country ranks ]

Population growth rate:
0.19% (2018 est.)
[see also: Population growth rate country ranks ]

Birth rate:
9.9 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)
[see also: Birth rate country ranks ]

Death rate:
10.4 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
[see also: Death rate country ranks ]

Net migration rate:
2.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
[see also: Net migration rate country ranks ]

Population distribution:
population distribution varies considerably from country to country, but tends to follow a pattern of coastal and river settlement, with urban agglomerations forming large hubs facilitating large scale housing, industry, and commerce; the area in and around the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg (known collectively as Benelux), is the most densely populated area in the EU

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - at birth country ranks ]
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 65 years and over country ranks ]
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2018 est.)
[see also: Sex ratio country ranks ]

Infant mortality rate:
total: 3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
[see also: Infant mortality rate - total country ranks ]
male: 4.2 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - male country ranks ]
female: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - female country ranks ]

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 80.7 years (2018)
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - total population country ranks ]
male: 77.9 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - male country ranks ]
female: 83.6 years
[See also: Healthy Life Expectancy ]
[See also: Health Performance ]

Total fertility rate:
1.62 children born/woman (2018 est.)
[see also: Total fertility rate country ranks ]

Current Health Expenditure:
9.9% (2016)
[see also: Current Health Expenditure country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
note - see individual entries of member states
[see also: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
note - see individual entries of member states
[see also: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
note - see individual entries of member states
[see also: HIV/AIDS - deaths country ranks ]

Education expenditures:
4.6% of GDP (2017)
[see also: Education expenditures country ranks ]

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 18.9%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - total country ranks ]
male: 19.1%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - male country ranks ]
female: 18.6% (2017 est.)