Page last updated on January 27, 2020
Location:
Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
Geographic coordinates:
64 00 N, 26 00 E
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 338,145 sq km
[see also: Area - total country ranks ]
land: 303,815 sq km
[see also: Area - land country ranks ]
water: 34,330 sq km
[see also: Area - water country ranks ]
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
66
Area - comparative:
slightly more than two times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Montana
Area comparison map:
slightly more than two times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Montana
Land boundaries:
total: 2,563 km
[see also: Land boundaries - total country ranks ]
border countries (3):
Norway 709 km, Sweden 545 km, Russia 1309 km
Coastline:
1,250 km
[see also: Coastline country ranks ]
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12
nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm)
[see also: Maritime claims - territorial sea country ranks ]
contiguous zone: 24
nm
[see also: Maritime claims - contiguous zone country ranks ]
continental shelf:
200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
[see also: Maritime claims - continental shelf country ranks ]
exclusive fishing zone: 12
nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden, Estonia, and Russia
[see also: Maritime claims - exclusive fishing zone country ranks ]
Climate:
cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
More Climate Details
Terrain:
mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
Elevation:
mean elevation: 164 m
[see also: Elevation - mean elevation country ranks ]
lowest point:
Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point:
Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 m
Natural resources:
timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
Land use:
agricultural land: 7.5%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - agricultural land country ranks ]
arable land: 7.4%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - arable land country ranks ]
permanent crops: 0%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - permanent crops country ranks ]
permanent pasture: 0.1%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - permanent pasture country ranks ]
forest: 72.9%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - forest country ranks ]
other: 19.6%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use country ranks ]
Irrigated land:
690 sq km
(2012)
[see also: Irrigated land country ranks ]
Population distribution:
the vast majority of people are found in the south; the northern interior areas remain sparsely poplulated
Natural hazards:
severe winters in the north
Environment - current issues:
limited air pollution in urban centers; some water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements:
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
NOTE: 1) The information regarding Finland on this page is re-published from the 2020 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Finland Geography 2020 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Finland Geography 2020 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.
2) The rank that you see is the CIA reported rank, which may have the following issues:
a) They assign increasing rank number, alphabetically for countries with the same value of the ranked item, whereas we assign them the same rank.
b) The CIA sometimes assigns counterintuitive ranks. For example, it assigns unemployment rates in increasing order, whereas we rank them in decreasing order.
This page was last modified 27-Jan-20
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