Page last updated on January 27, 2020
Location:
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Geographic coordinates:
46 00 N, 25 00 E
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 238,391 sq km
[see also: Area - total country ranks ]
land: 229,891 sq km
[see also: Area - land country ranks ]
water: 8,500 sq km
[see also: Area - water country ranks ]
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
84
Area - comparative:
twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon
Area comparison map:
twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
total: 2,844 km
[see also: Land boundaries - total country ranks ]
border countries (5):
Bulgaria 605 km, Hungary 424 km, Moldova 683 km, Serbia 531 km, Ukraine 601 km
Coastline:
225 km
[see also: Coastline country ranks ]
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12
nm
[see also: Maritime claims - territorial sea country ranks ]
exclusive economic zone: 200
nm
[see also: Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone country ranks ]
contiguous zone: 24
nm
[see also: Maritime claims - contiguous zone country ranks ]
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
[see also: Maritime claims - continental shelf country ranks ]
Climate:
temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
More Climate Details
Terrain:
central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Elevation:
mean elevation: 414 m
[see also: Elevation - mean elevation country ranks ]
lowest point:
Black Sea 0 m
highest point:
Moldoveanu 2,544 m
Natural resources:
petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
Land use:
agricultural land: 60.7%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - agricultural land country ranks ]
arable land: 39.1%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - arable land country ranks ]
permanent crops: 1.9%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - permanent crops country ranks ]
permanent pasture: 19.7%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - permanent pasture country ranks ]
forest: 28.7%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - forest country ranks ]
other: 10.6%
(2011 est.)
[see also: Land use country ranks ]
Irrigated land:
31,490 sq km
(2012)
[see also: Irrigated land country ranks ]
Population distribution:
urbanization is not particularly high, and a fairly even population distribution can be found throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; Hungarians, the country's largest minority, have a particularly strong presence in eastern Transylvania
Natural hazards:
earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
Environment - current issues:
soil erosion, degradation, and desertification; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
Environment - international agreements:
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
controls the most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine; the Carpathian Mountains dominate the center of the country, while the Danube River forms much of the southern boundary with Serbia and Bulgaria
NOTE: 1) The information regarding Romania on this page is re-published from the 2020 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Romania Geography 2020 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Romania Geography 2020 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.
2) The rank that you see is the CIA reported rank, which may have the following issues:
a) They assign increasing rank number, alphabetically for countries with the same value of the ranked item, whereas we assign them the same rank.
b) The CIA sometimes assigns counterintuitive ranks. For example, it assigns unemployment rates in increasing order, whereas we rank them in decreasing order.
This page was last modified 27-Jan-20
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