Mongolia People - 2021

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 

Population

3,198,913 (July 2021 est.)

note: Mongolia is one of the least densely populated countries in the world (2 people per sq km); twice as many ethnic Mongols (some 6 million) live in Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol) in neighboring China

Nationality

noun: Mongolian(s)

adjective: Mongolian

Ethnic groups

Khalkh 83.8%, Kazak 3.8%, Durvud 2.6%, Bayad 2%, Buriad 1.4%, Zakhchin 1.2%, Dariganga 1.1%, other 4.1% (2020 est.)

Languages

Mongolian 90% (official) (Khalkha dialect is predominant), Turkic, Russian (1999)

printed major-language sample:
Дэлхийн баримтат ном, үндсэн мэдээллийн зайлшгүй эх сурвалж. (Mongolian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions

Buddhist 53%, Muslim 3%, Shamanist 2.9%, Christian 2.2%, other 0.4%, none 38.6% (2010 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 26.96% (male 435,596/female 418,524)

15-24 years: 14.93% (male 239,495/female 233,459)

25-54 years: 45.29% (male 694,481/female 740,334)

55-64 years: 8.04% (male 115,560/female 139,129)

65 years and over: 4.78% (male 60,966/female 90,482) (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 54.8

youth dependency ratio: 48.1

elderly dependency ratio: 6.7

potential support ratio: 15 (2020 est.)

Median age

total: 29.8 years

male: 28.8 years

female: 30.7 years (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

0.93% (2021 est.)

Birth rate

16.32 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Death rate

6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Net migration rate

-0.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Population distribution

sparsely distributed population throughout the country; the capital of Ulaanbaatar and the northern city of Darhan support the highest population densities

Urbanization

urban population: 68.8% of total population (2021)

rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030

Major urban areas - population

1.615 million ULAANBAATAR (capital) (2021)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.94 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.83 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female

total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

20.5 years (2008 est.)

note: median age at first birth among women 20-24

Maternal mortality rate

45 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 20.6 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 23.73 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 17.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 71.08 years

male: 66.88 years

female: 75.49 years (2021 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.93 children born/woman (2021 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

48.1% (2018)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 97.6% of population

rural: 59.2% of population

total: 85.4% of population

unimproved: urban: 2.4% of population

rural: 40.8% of population

total: 14.6% of population (2017 est.)

Current Health Expenditure

3.8% (2018)

Physicians density

2.86 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Hospital bed density

8 beds/1,000 population (2017)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 96.4% of population

rural: 65.1% of population

total: 86.5% of population

unimproved: urban: 3.6% of population

rural: 34.9% of population

total: 13.5% of population (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

<.1 est.>

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS - deaths

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

20.6% (2016)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

1.8% (2018)

Education expenditures

4.1% of GDP (2017)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98.4%

male: 98.2%

female: 98.6% (2018)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 15 years

male: 14 years

female: 16 years (2015)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 25.3%

male: 24.9%

female: 25.9% (2019 est.)

NOTE: The information regarding Mongolia on this page is re-published from the 2021 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Mongolia 2021 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Mongolia 2021 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.