European Union People 2023, CIA World Factbook

(July 2022 est.) 450,858,381

rank by population:

Germany - 84,316,622;
France - 68,305,148;
Italy - 61,095,551;
Spain - 47,163,418;
Poland - 38,093,101;
Romania - 18,519,899;
Netherlands - 17,400,824;
Belgium - 11,847,338;
Czechia - 10,705,384;
Greece - 10,533,871;
Sweden - 10,483,647;
Portugal - 10,242,081;
Hungary - 9,699,577;
Austria - 8,913,088;
Bulgaria - 6,873,253;
Denmark - 5,920,767;
Finland - 5,601,547;
Slovakia - 5,431,252;
Ireland - 5,275,004;
Croatia - 4,188,853;
Lithuania - 2,683,546;
Slovenia - 2,101,208;
Latvia - 1,842,226;
Cyprus - 1,295,102;
Estonia - 1,211,524;
Luxembourg - 650,364;
Malta - 464,186 (July 2022 est.)

Languages

Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish

note: only the 24 official languages are listed; German, the major language of Germany and Austria, is the most widely spoken mother tongue - about 16% of the EU population; English is the most widely spoken foreign language - about 29% of the EU population is conversant with it; English is an official language in Ireland and Malta and thus remained an official EU language after the UK left the bloc (2020)

Religions

Roman Catholic 41%, Orthodox 10%, Protestant 9%, other Christian 4%, Muslim 2%, other 4% (includes Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu), atheist 10%, non-believer/agnostic 17%, unspecified 3% (2019 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.05% (male 34,978,216/female 33,217,600)

15-64 years: 10.39% (male 24,089,260/female 22,990,579)

65 years and over: 20.5% (male 39,834,507/female 53,020,673) (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: NA

youth dependency ratio: NA

elderly dependency ratio: NA

potential support ratio: NA

Median age

total: 44 years

male: 42.6 years

female: 45.5 years (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

(2021 est.) 0.10%

Birth rate

(2020 est.) 9.5 births/1,000 population

Death rate

(2021 est.) 10.7 deaths/1,000 population

Net migration rate

-2.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Population distribution

population distribution varies considerably from country to country but tends to follow a pattern of coastal and river settlement, with urban agglomerations forming large hubs facilitating large scale housing, industry, and commerce; the area in and around the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg (known collectively as Benelux), is the most densely populated area in the EU

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 3.47 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 3.32 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 3.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 77.63 years

male: 72.98 years

female: 82.51 years (2021 est.)

Total fertility rate

(2021 est.) 1.62 children born/woman

Contraceptive prevalence rate

N/A

Drinking water source

improved: urban: N/A

rural: N/A

total: N/A

unimproved: urban: N/A

rural: N/A

total: N/A

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: N/A

rural: N/A

total: N/A

unimproved: urban: N/A

rural: N/A

total: N/A

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

N/A

Education expenditures

5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Literacy

total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 19.5%

male: 18.9%

female: 20.4% (2021 est.)

NOTE: The information regarding European Union on this page is re-published from the 2023 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of European Union 2023 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about European Union 2023 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.