India People - 2023
SOURCE: 2023 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK
Population
1,399,179,585 (2023 est.)
Nationality
noun: Indian(s)
adjective: Indian
Ethnic groups
Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, and other 3% (2000)
Languages
Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; note - English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; there are 22 other officially recognized languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2011 est.)
major-language sample(s):
विश्व फ़ैक्टबुक, आधारभूत जानकारी का एक अनिवार्य स्रोत (Hindi)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.Religions
Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 24.77% (male 182,143,540/female 164,492,120)
15-64 years: 68.42% (male 494,814,550/female 462,533,456)
65 years and over: 6.8% (2023 est.) (male 43,860,101/female 51,335,818)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 48.1
youth dependency ratio: 38.1
elderly dependency ratio: 10.1
potential support ratio: 9.9 (2021 est.)
Median age
total: 28.7 years
male: 28 years
female: 29.5 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate
0.7% (2023 est.)
Birth rate
16.53 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
9.65 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Net migration rate
0.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
with the notable exception of the deserts in the northwest, including the Thar Desert, and the mountain fringe in the north, a very high population density exists throughout most of the country; the core of the population is in the north along the banks of the Ganges, with other river valleys and southern coastal areas also having large population concentrations
Urbanization
urban population: 36.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
32.941 million NEW DELHI (capital), 21.297 million Mumbai, 15.333 million Kolkata, 13.608 million Bangalore, 11.776 million Chennai, 10.801 million Hyderabad (2023)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female
total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
21.2 years (2019/21)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Maternal mortality ratio
103 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 30.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 30.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 67.69 years
male: 65.95 years
female: 69.61 years (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.07 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.98 (2023 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
66.7% (2019/20)
Drinking water source
improved: urban: 96.9% of population
rural: 94.7% of population
total: 95.5% of population
unimproved: urban: 3.1% of population
rural: 5.3% of population
total: 4.5% of population (2020 est.)
Current health expenditure
3% of GDP (2020)
Physicians density
0.74 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
Hospital bed density
0.5 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: 98.6% of population
rural: 75.2% of population
total: 83.4% of population
unimproved: urban: 1.4% of population
rural: 24.8% of population
total: 16.6% of population (2020 est.)
Major infectious diseases
degree of risk: very high (2023)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria
water contact diseases: leptospirosis
animal contact diseases: rabies
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
3.9% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 3.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 2.85 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 27.2% (2020 est.)
male: 41.3% (2020 est.)
female: 13% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
33.4% (2016/18)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
72.6% (2023 est.)
Child marriage
women married by age 15: 6.8%
women married by age 18: 27.3%
men married by age 18: 4.2% (2016 est.)
Education expenditures
4.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 74.4%
male: 82.4%
female: 65.8% (2018)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 12 years
male: 12 years
female: 12 years (2020)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 28.3%
male: 28.6%
female: 26.7% (2021 est.)
NOTE: The information regarding India on this page is re-published from the 2023 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of India 2023 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about India 2023 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.
This page was last modified 06 Dec 23, Copyright © 2023 ITA all rights reserved.