Romania People - 2023
SOURCE: 2023 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK
Population
18,326,327 (2023 est.)
Nationality
noun: Romanian(s)
adjective: Romanian
Ethnic groups
Romanian 89.3%, Hungarian 6%, Romani 3.4%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.1%, other 0.9% (2021 est.)
note: data represent individuals who declared an ethnic group in the 2021 national census; 13% did not respond; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–11% of Romania's population
Languages
Romanian (official) 91.6%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 0.7% (2021 est.)
note: data represent individuals who declared a maternal language in the 2021 national census; 13.1% did not respond
major-language sample(s):
Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Romanian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Romanian Orthodox 85.3%, Roman Catholic 4.5%, Reformed 3%, Pentecostal 2.5, other 4.7% (2021 est.)
note: data represent individuals who declared a religion in the 2021 national census; 13.9% did not respond
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.63% (male 1,472,449/female 1,391,671)
15-64 years: 62.13% (male 5,689,908/female 5,696,224)
65 years and over: 22.24% (2023 est.) (male 1,682,695/female 2,393,380)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 53.7
youth dependency ratio: 24.6
elderly dependency ratio: 29.1
potential support ratio: 3.4 (2021 est.)
Median age
total: 42.5 years
male: 41 years
female: 44 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate
-1.01% (2023 est.)
Birth rate
8.63 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
14.92 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Net migration rate
-3.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
urbanization is not particularly high, and a fairly even population distribution can be found throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; Hungarians, the country's largest minority, have a particularly strong presence in eastern Transylvania
Urbanization
urban population: 54.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
1.776 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
27.1 years (2020 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
10 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 5.65 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.91 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 76.31 years
male: 72.87 years
female: 79.95 years (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.63 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.79 (2023 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
N/A
Drinking water source
improved: urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved: urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Current health expenditure
6.3% of GDP (2020)
Physicians density
2.98 physicians/1,000 population (2017)
Hospital bed density
6.9 beds/1,000 population (2017)
Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: 96.9% of population
rural: 76% of population
total: 87.3% of population
unimproved: urban: 3.1% of population
rural: 24% of population
total: 12.7% of population (2020 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.5% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 10.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 5.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 3.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 2.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 28% (2020 est.)
male: 35.9% (2020 est.)
female: 20% (2020 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
N/A
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
54.8% (2023)
Education expenditures
3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98.9%
male: 99.1%
female: 98.7% (2021)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2020)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 20.6%
male: 20.9%
female: 20.1% (2021 est.)
NOTE: The information regarding Romania on this page is re-published from the 2023 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Romania 2023 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Romania 2023 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.
This page was last modified 06 Dec 23, Copyright © 2023 ITA all rights reserved.