Estonia People - 2024

Population

1,202,762 (2023 est.)

Nationality

noun: Estonian(s)

adjective: Estonian

Ethnic groups

Estonian 68.7%, Russian 24.8%, Ukrainian 1.7%, Belarusian 1%, Finn 0.6%, other 1.6%, unspecified 1.6% (2011 est.)

Languages

Estonian (official) 68.5%, Russian 29.6%, Ukrainian 0.6%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)

Religions

Orthodox 16.2%, Lutheran 9.9%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 2.2%, other 0.9%, none 54.1%, unspecified 16.7% (2011 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.56% (male 95,732/female 91,384)

15-64 years: 62.27% (male 376,599/female 372,380)

65 years and over: 22.17% (2023 est.) (male 94,291/female 172,376)

2023 population pyramid:

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 58.3

youth dependency ratio: 26.1

elderly dependency ratio: 32.3

potential support ratio: 3.1 (2021 est.)

Median age

total: 44.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 41.5 years

female: 47.9 years

Population growth rate

-0.74% (2023 est.)

Birth rate

8.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

13.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Net migration rate

-2.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

Urbanization

urban population: 69.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas - population

454,000 TALLINN (capital) (2023)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.55 male(s)/female

total population: 0.89 male(s)/female (2023 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.2 years (2020 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio

5 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)

male: 3.3 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 78.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 73.5 years

female: 82.9 years

Total fertility rate

1.62 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.79 (2023 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

N/A

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: N/A

total: 99.6% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: N/A

total: 0.4% of population (2020 est.)

Current health expenditure

7.8% of GDP (2020)

Physicians density

3.47 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

Hospital bed density

4.6 beds/1,000 population (2018)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 99.8% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 99.8% of population

unimproved: urban: 0.2% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0.2% of population (2020 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: intermediate (2020)

vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

21.2% (2016)

Alcohol consumption per capita

total: 11.65 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer: 4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine: 1.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits: 4.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols: 1.13 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 29.7% (2020 est.)

male: 36.3% (2020 est.)

female: 23% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

0.4% (2013/15)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

52.3% (2023 est.)

Education expenditures

6.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.9%

male: 99.9%

female: 99.9% (2021)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years

male: 15 years

female: 17 years (2020)