European Union People - 2024

Population

(July 2022 est.) 450,858,381

rank by population:

1. Germany - 84,316,622; 
2. France - 68,305,148; 
3. Italy - 61,095,551; 
4. Spain - 47,163,418; 
5. Poland - 38,093,101; 
6. Romania - 18,519,899; 
7. Netherlands - 17,400,824; 
8. Belgium - 11,847,338; 
9. Czechia - 10,705,384; 
10. Greece - 10,533,871; 
11. Sweden - 10,483,647; 
12. Portugal - 10,242,081; 
13. Hungary - 9,699,577; 
14. Austria - 8,913,088; 
15. Bulgaria - 6,873,253; 
16. Denmark - 5,920,767; 
17. Finland - 5,601,547; 
18. Slovakia - 5,431,252; 
19. Ireland - 5,275,004; 
20. Croatia - 4,188,853; 
21. Lithuania - 2,683,546; 
22. Slovenia - 2,101,208; 
23. Latvia - 1,842,226; 
24. Cyprus - 1,295,102; 
25. Estonia - 1,211,524; 
26. Luxembourg - 650,364; 
27. Malta - 464,186 (July 2022 est.)

Languages

Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish

note: only the 24 official languages are listed; German, the major language of Germany and Austria, is the most widely spoken mother tongue - about 16% of the EU population; English is the most widely spoken foreign language - about 29% of the EU population is conversant with it; English is an official language in Ireland and Malta and thus remained an official EU language after the UK left the bloc (2020)

Religions

Roman Catholic 41%, Orthodox 10%, Protestant 9%, other Christian 4%, Muslim 2%, other 4% (includes Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu), atheist 10%, non-believer/agnostic 17%, unspecified 3% (2019 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.05% (male 34,978,216/female 33,217,600)

15-64 years: 10.39% (male 24,089,260/female 22,990,579)

65 years and over: 20.5% (male 39,834,507/female 53,020,673) (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: NA

youth dependency ratio: NA

elderly dependency ratio: NA

potential support ratio: NA

Median age

total: 44 years (2020)

male: 42.6 years

female: 45.5 years

Population growth rate

(2021 est.) 0.10%

Birth rate

(2020 est.) 9.5 births/1,000 population

Death rate

(2021 est.) 10.7 deaths/1,000 population

Net migration rate

-2.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Population distribution

population distribution varies considerably from country to country but tends to follow a pattern of coastal and river settlement, with urban agglomerations forming large hubs facilitating large scale housing, industry, and commerce; the area in and around the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg (known collectively as Benelux), is the most densely populated area in the EU

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 3.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2021)

male: 3.32 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 3.62 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 77.63 years (2021)

male: 72.98 years

female: 82.51 years

Total fertility rate

(2021 est.) 1.62 children born/woman

Contraceptive prevalence rate

N/A

Drinking water source

improved: urban: N/A

rural: N/A

total: N/A

unimproved: urban: N/A

rural: N/A

total: N/A

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: N/A

rural: N/A

total: N/A

unimproved: urban: N/A

rural: N/A

total: N/A

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

N/A

Education expenditures

5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Literacy

total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA