Population:
30,098,197
(July 2020 est.)
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
47
[see also: Population country ranks ]
Nationality:
noun:
Mozambican(s)
adjective:
Mozambican
Ethnic groups:
African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Euro-African 0.2%, Indian 0.08%, European 0.06%
Languages:
Emakhuwa 26.1%, Portuguese (official) 16.6%, Xichangana 8.6%, Cinyanja 8.1, Cisena 7.1%, Elomwe 7.1%, Echuwabo 4.7%, Cindau 3.8%, Xitswa 3.8%, other Mozambican languages 11.8%, other 0.5%, unspecified 1.8%
(2017 est.)
Religions:
Roman Catholic 27.2%, Muslim 18.9%, Zionist Christian 15.6%, Evangelical/Pentecostal 15.3%, Anglican 1.7%, other 4.8%, none 13.9%, unspecified 2.5%
(2017 est.)
Demographic profile:
Mozambique is a poor, sparsely populated country with high fertility and mortality rates and a rapidly growing youthful population – 45% of the population is younger than 15. Mozambique’s high poverty rate is sustained by natural disasters, disease, high population growth, low agricultural productivity, and the unequal distribution of wealth. The country’s birth rate is among the world’s highest, averaging around more than 5 children per woman (and higher in rural areas) for at least the last three decades. The sustained high level of fertility reflects gender inequality, low contraceptive use, early marriages and childbearing, and a lack of education, particularly among women. The high population growth rate is somewhat restrained by the country’s high HIV/AIDS and overall mortality rates. Mozambique ranks among the worst in the world for HIV/AIDS prevalence, HIV/AIDS deaths, and life expectancy at birth.
Mozambique is predominantly a country of emigration, but internal, rural-urban migration has begun to grow. Mozambicans, primarily from the country’s southern region, have been migrating to South Africa for work for more than a century. Additionally, approximately 1.7 million Mozambicans fled to Malawi, South Africa, and other neighboring countries between 1979 and 1992 to escape from civil war. Labor migrants have usually been men from rural areas whose crops have failed or who are unemployed and have headed to South Africa to work as miners; multiple generations of the same family often become miners. Since the abolition of apartheid in South Africa in 1991, other job opportunities have opened to Mozambicans, including in the informal and manufacturing sectors, but mining remains their main source of employment.
Age structure:
0-14 years: 45.57%
(male 6,950,800/female 6,766,373)
[see also: Age structure - 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 19.91%
(male 2,997,529/female 2,994,927)
[see also: Age structure - 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 28.28%
(male 3,949,085/female 4,564,031)
[see also: Age structure - 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 3.31%
(male 485,454/female 509,430)
[see also: Age structure - 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 2.93%
(male 430,797/female 449,771)
(2020 est.)
[see also: Age structure - 65 years and over country ranks ]
population pyramid:
This is the population pyramid for Mozambique. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio: 93.5
(2015 est.)
[see also: Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio country ranks ]
youth dependency ratio: 87.5
(2015 est.)
[see also: Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio country ranks ]
elderly dependency ratio: 6.1
(2015 est.)
[see also: Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio country ranks ]
potential support ratio: 16.5
(2015 est.)
[see also: Dependency ratios - potential support ratio country ranks ]
Median age:
total: 17 years
[see also: Median age - total country ranks ]
male: 16.3 years
[see also: Median age - male country ranks ]
female: 17.6 years
(2020 est.)
[see also: Median age - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
220
Population growth rate:
2.62%
(2020 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
19
[see also: Population growth rate country ranks ]
Birth rate:
38.6 births/1,000 population
(2020 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
12
[see also: Birth rate country ranks ]
Death rate:
11 deaths/1,000 population
(2020 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
22
[see also: Death rate country ranks ]
Net migration rate:
-1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2020 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
159
[see also: Net migration rate country ranks ]
Population distribution:
three large populations clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas
Urbanization:
urban population: 36.5% of total population
(2019)
[see also: Urbanization - urban population country ranks ]
rate of urbanization: 4.35% annual rate of change
(2015-20 est.)
[see also: Urbanization - rate of urbanization country ranks ]
Major urban areas - population:
1.669 million Matola, 1.104 million MAPUTO (capital), 811,000 Nampula
(2019)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
(2020 est.)
[see also: Sex ratio - at birth country ranks ]
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
(2020 est.)
[see also: Sex ratio - 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female
(2020 est.)
[see also: Sex ratio - 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 0.87 male(s)/female
(2020 est.)
[see also: Sex ratio - 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
(2020 est.)
[see also: Sex ratio - 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female
(2020 est.)
[see also: Sex ratio - 65 years and over country ranks ]
total population: 96.9 male(s)/female
(2020 est.)
[see also: Sex ratio country ranks ]
Mother's mean age at first birth:
18.9 years
(2011 est.)
median age at first birth among women 25-29
[see also: Mother's mean age at first birth country ranks ]
Maternal mortality rate:
289 deaths/100,000 live births
(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
39
[see also: Maternal mortality rate country ranks ]
Infant mortality rate:
total: 64.7 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - total country ranks ]
male: 66.8 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - male country ranks ]
female: 62.6 deaths/1,000 live births
(2020 est.)
[see also: Infant mortality rate - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
7
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 55.9 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - total population country ranks ]
male: 54.4 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - male country ranks ]
female: 57.4 years
(2020 est.)
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
222
[See also: Healthy Life Expectancy ]
[See also: Health Performance ]
Total fertility rate:
4.97 children born/woman
(2020 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
13
[see also: Total fertility rate country ranks ]
Contraceptive prevalence rate:
27.1%
(2015)
[see also: Contraceptive prevalence rate country ranks ]
Drinking water source:
improved:
urban: 80.6% of population
[see also: Drinking water source - improved - urban country ranks ]
rural: 37% of population
[see also: Drinking water source - improved - rural country ranks ]
total: 51.1% of population
unimproved:
urban: 19.4% of population
rural: 63% of population
total: 48.9% of population
(2015 est.)
Current Health Expenditure:
5.1%
(2016)
[see also: Current Health Expenditure country ranks ]
Physicians density:
0.07 physicians/1,000 population
(2017)
[see also: Physicians density country ranks ]
Hospital bed density:
0.7 beds/1,000 population
(2011)
[see also: Hospital bed density country ranks ]
Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 42.4% of population
(2015 est.)
[see also: Sanitation facility access - improved - urban country ranks ]
rural: 10.1% of population
(2015 est.)
[see also: Sanitation facility access - improved - rural country ranks ]
total: 20.5% of population
(2015 est.)
unimproved:
urban: 57.6% of population
(2015 est.)
rural: 89.9% of population
(2015 est.)
total: 79.5% of population
(2015 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
12.6%
(2018 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
6
[see also: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
2.2 million
(2018 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
2
[see also: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS country ranks ]
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
53,900
(2018 est.)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
3
[see also: HIV/AIDS - deaths country ranks ]
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk:
very high
(2016)
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
(2016)
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and dengue fever
(2016)
water contact diseases:
schistosomiasis
(2016)
animal contact diseases:
rabies
(2016)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
7.2%
(2016)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
160
[see also: Obesity - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
15.6%
(2011)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
41
[see also: Children under the age of 5 years underweight country ranks ]
Education expenditures:
6.5% of GDP
(2013)
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
21
[see also: Education expenditures country ranks ]
Literacy:
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 56%
[see also: Literacy - total population country ranks ]
male: 70.8%
[see also: Literacy - male country ranks ]
female: 43.1%
(2015)
[see also: Literacy - female country ranks ]
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 10 years
[see also: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - total country ranks ]
male: 10 years
[see also: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - male country ranks ]
female: 9 years
(2017)
[see also: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - female country ranks ]
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 7.4%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - total country ranks ]
male: 7.7%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - male country ranks ]
female: 7.1%
(2015 est.)
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data):
152
NOTE: 1) The information regarding Mozambique on this page is re-published from the 2020 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Mozambique People 2020 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Mozambique People 2020 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.
2) The rank that you see is the CIA reported rank, which may have the following issues:
a) They assign increasing rank number, alphabetically for countries with the same value of the ranked item, whereas we assign them the same rank.
b) The CIA sometimes assigns counterintuitive ranks. For example, it assigns unemployment rates in increasing order, whereas we rank them in decreasing order.
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This page was last modified 27-Jan-20